{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T20:40:16Z","timestamp":1776112816181,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3093633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T15:43:54Z","timestamp":1625067834000},"page":"95730-95753","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Blockchain and AI-Based Solutions to Combat Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Like Epidemics: A Survey"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8092-6756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinh C.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3690-0321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8014-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pubudu N.","family":"Pathirana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6894-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aruna","family":"Seneviratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAHCN.2018.8397151"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visinf.2020.09.003"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jeccm.2018.10.08"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.08.046"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOMIS.2018.8644982"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2018.06.003"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.08.020"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3550630"},{"key":"ref38","year":"2021","journal-title":"WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102589"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-020-01617-3"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2020.101830","article-title":"A survey on deep transfer learning to edge computing for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"108","author":"sufian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Syst Archit"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3007939"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: Early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic predictions","author":"read","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2020.2980007"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163477"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2992341"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMR.2020.3014052"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0824-5"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b02948"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201433"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07269-8"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2020.04.010"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Spatiotemporal fluctuation scaling law and metapopulation modeling of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and SARS outbreaks","author":"ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 03714"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.032"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197167"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2019.00054"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/20477"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2917555"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2019.8856631"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3075439","article-title":"Federated learning for Internet of Things: A comprehensive survey","author":"nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surveys Tuts"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2017.93"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2020.3010549"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iThings-GreenCom-CPSCom-SmartData.2017.112"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.101992"},{"key":"ref152","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blockchain and AI Technologies Combined to Battle Coronavirus—COVID-19 as Immuno-Oncology Company Mateon Partners With Meridian IT to Fast Track Drug Manufacturing"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29392\/001c.14151"},{"key":"ref146","year":"2021","journal-title":"BlueDot Outbreak Risk Software"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa385"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.2987"},{"key":"ref149","year":"2021","journal-title":"AI Helps Doctors Diagnose the Coronavirus"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"2296","article-title":"Novel COVID-19 detection and diagnosis system using IoT based smart helmet","volume":"24","author":"mohammed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Psychosocial Rehabil"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30534\/ijatcse\/2020\/153932020"},{"key":"ref57","author":"bishop","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3024783"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genomic mutations and changes in protein secondary structure and solvent accessibility of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 virus)","volume":"11","author":"nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2020.2987975"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HealthCom.2018.8531125"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SMARTCOMP.2018.00073"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/rest_a_00946"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2904049"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2020.3019898"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSENG.2018.8638204"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3043350"},{"key":"ref163","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bitcoin mining acceleration and performance quantification","author":"dev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 27th Can Conf Electr Comput Eng (CCECE)"},{"key":"ref162","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China, spatial temporal dataset","author":"liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 11716"},{"key":"ref161","article-title":"COVID-19 image data collection","author":"cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 11597"},{"key":"ref160","article-title":"COVID-19: The first public coronavirus Twitter dataset","author":"chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 07372"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3009328"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2020","journal-title":"Economic Outlook"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3390\/sym10100470","article-title":"A systematic review of the use of blockchain in healthcare","volume":"10","author":"h\u00f6lbl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076818815510"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASPDAC.2018.8297407"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093176"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Blockchain in healthcare and health sciences—A scoping review","volume":"134","author":"hasselgren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Med Informat"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2936094"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0928-y"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.08.020"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"A viral warning for change. COVID-19 versus the red cross: Better solutions via blockchain and artificial intelligence","author":"johnstone","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2911031"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx068"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2020.2963840"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2920987"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2020.102693"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2019.01.006","article-title":"Survey on blockchain for Internet of Things","volume":"136","author":"wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput Commun"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3020092"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare7020056","article-title":"Blockchain technology in healthcare: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"agbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"HealthcarePapers"},{"key":"ref127","article-title":"Short-term predictions and prevention strategies for COVID-19: A model based study","author":"nadim","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 08150"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00819-20"},{"key":"ref125","article-title":"A data-driven drug repositioning framework discovered a potential therapeutic agent targeting COVID-19","author":"ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2020.03.025","article-title":"Predicting commercially available antiviral drugs that may act on the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Wuhan, China through a drug-target interaction deep learning model","volume":"18","author":"beck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647713"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2019.1800577"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2020.109761"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10040198"},{"key":"ref128","article-title":"Predicting the ultimate outcome of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy","author":"vattay","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 07912"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITMQIS.2018.8524970"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Blockchain-enable contact tracing for preserving user privacy during COVID-19 outbreak","author":"arifeen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Preprints"},{"key":"ref130","article-title":"Artificial intelligence forecasting of COVID-19 in China","author":"hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2002 07112"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"51","article-title":"High-level design and rapid implementation of a clinical and non-clinical blockchain-based data sharing platform for COVID-19 containment","volume":"3","author":"saleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blockchain frontrunning"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2905689"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/25245"},{"key":"ref133","article-title":"Composite Monte Carlo decision making under high uncertainty of novel coronavirus epidemic using hybridized deep learning and fuzzy rule induction","author":"fong","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 09868"},{"key":"ref134","article-title":"Host and infectivity prediction of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus using deep learning algorithm","author":"zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"ref131","article-title":"Predicting COVID-19 distribution in Mexico through a discrete and time-dependent Markov chain and an SIR-like model","author":"vivanco-lira","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 06758"},{"key":"ref78","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran Minister Accuses Some Countries of Not Declaring Their Coronavirus Cases"},{"key":"ref132","article-title":"Prediction and analysis of coronavirus disease 2019","author":"jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 05447"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73510-5","article-title":"The COVID-19 social media infodemic","volume":"10","author":"cinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref136","article-title":"Blockchain-federated-learning and deep learning models for COVID-19 detection using CT imaging","author":"kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2007 06537"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12040651","article-title":"Within the lack of chest COVID-19 X-ray dataset: A novel detection model based on GAN and deep transfer learning","volume":"12","author":"loey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"ref138","article-title":"Dynamic fusion-based federated learning for COVID-19 detection","author":"zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"ref137","article-title":"Experiments of federated learning for COVID-19 chest X-ray images","author":"liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2007 05592"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.04.021"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107330"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2912200"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3234150"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.07.005"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2017-000101"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzab010"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx044"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00431-6"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in the battle against coronavirus (COVID-19): A survey and future research directions","author":"nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2008 07343"},{"key":"ref142","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acoer Coronavirus Tracker Powered By Hedera Hashgraph Now Freely Available to General Public With Added Clinical Trial Data"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3072611","article-title":"Federated learning meets blockchain in edge computing: Opportunities and challenges","author":"nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"ref143","year":"2021","journal-title":"HyperChain-Blockchain Charity Platform to Fight Against the Coronavirus"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113555"},{"key":"ref144","year":"2021","journal-title":"VeChain Announces Blockchain Vaccine Tracing Solution for China"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924"},{"key":"ref69","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open database of covid-19 cases with chest x-ray or ct images"},{"key":"ref145","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phbc - public health blockchain consortium"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref109","article-title":"The modelling of COVID19 pathways sheds light on mechanisms, opportunities and on controversial interpretations of medical treatments. V2","author":"chiusano","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 11614"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13074"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IRI49571.2020.00033"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-020-04950-4"},{"key":"ref107","article-title":"Estimating uncertainty and interpretability in deep learning for coronavirus (COVID-19) detection","author":"ghoshal","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 10769"},{"key":"ref93","first-page":"1","article-title":"Managing charity 4.0 with blockchain: A case study at the time of COVID-19","author":"rangone","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing"},{"key":"ref106","article-title":"Accurate identification of SARS-CoV-2 from viral genome sequences using deep learning","author":"lopez-rincon","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2020.1792000"},{"key":"ref105","article-title":"Automatic detection of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using X-ray images and deep convolutional neural networks","author":"narin","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 10849"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APSSE47353.2019.00031"},{"key":"ref104","article-title":"Abnormal respiratory patterns classifier may contribute to large-scale screening of people infected with COVID-19 in an accurate and unobtrusive manner","author":"wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2002 05534"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNTE44896.2019.8946019"},{"key":"ref103","article-title":"Masked face recognition dataset and application","author":"wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 09093"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241957"},{"key":"ref111","article-title":"Rapid AI development cycle for the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: Initial results for automated detection & patient monitoring using deep learning CT image analysis","author":"gozes","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 05037"},{"key":"ref112","article-title":"Deep learning system to screen coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia","author":"xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2002 09334"},{"key":"ref110","first-page":"89","article-title":"Theory about treatments and morbidity prevention of corona virus disease (COVID-19)","volume":"8","author":"basiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-019-0258-4"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-019-0219-y"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.05.020"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22940"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blockhain AI and the Wuhan Coronavirus"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.0001.2000087"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3020513"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.12.007"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"448","article-title":"A blockchain-based decentralized framework for crowdsourcing","author":"more","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Image Process Capsule Netw"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2965897"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa964"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2018.00087"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCE.2018.8441738"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9369"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2020.3030925"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"2447","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on e-wallet’s payments in Indian economy","author":"jain","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"13","article-title":"Tracking Ebola through cellphone, Internet of Things and blockchain technology","volume":"1","author":"kangbai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Res Integrative Med"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2960542"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007764","article-title":"Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19—Preliminary report","volume":"383","author":"beigel","year":"2020","journal-title":"New England J Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188941"},{"key":"ref83","year":"2021","journal-title":"How Blockchain Technology is Helping Businesses Overcome the COVID-19 Outbreak in China"},{"key":"ref114","article-title":"Lung infection quantification of COVID-19 in CT images with deep learning","author":"shan","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 04655"},{"key":"ref113","article-title":"COVIDX-Net: A framework of deep learning classifiers to diagnose COVID-19 in X-ray images","author":"hemdan","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 11055"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232391"},{"key":"ref80","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blockchain and AI Amidst the Coronavirus Crisis A Call to Arms"},{"key":"ref115","article-title":"Potential neutralizing antibodies discovered for novel corona virus using machine learning","author":"magar","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 08447"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01581"},{"key":"ref89","year":"2021","journal-title":"Five Ways Blockchain Can Unblock the Coronavirus Medical Supply Chain"},{"key":"ref121","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine candidates: Prediction and validation of 174 SARS-CoV-2 epitopes","author":"prachar","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"ref122","article-title":"Machine intelligence design of 2019-nCoV drugs","author":"nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"ref123","article-title":"Old drugs for newly emerging viral disease, COVID-19: Bioinformatic prospective","author":"dayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 04524"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2964880"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3652","DOI":"10.3390\/su10103652","article-title":"Blockchain practices, potentials, and perspectives in greening supply chains","volume":"10","author":"kouhizadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCN.2019.8846964"},{"key":"ref88","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alipay Launches Blockchain Based Platform to Help Combat Corona Virus"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09468676.pdf?arnumber=9468676","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T14:43:05Z","timestamp":1643208185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9468676\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":174,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3093633","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.12121962","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.12121962.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}