{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T23:16:00Z","timestamp":1776122160762,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004358","name":"Samsung Electronics Company Ltd.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IO201207-07812-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IO201207-07812-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004358","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant through the Korean Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2C2010601 (50%)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C2010601 (50%)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010418","name":"Institute of Information and communications Technology Planning and evaluation (IITP) grants through the Korean Government by the Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-0-01343 (10%)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-0-01343 (10%)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010418","name":"Development and Library Implementation of Fully Homomorphic Machine Learning Algorithms supporting Neural Network Learning Over Encrypted Data","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-0-00840 (40%)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-0-00840 (40%)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3096189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T20:34:53Z","timestamp":1626122093000},"page":"98772-98789","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Accelerating Fully Homomorphic Encryption Through Architecture-Centric Analysis and Optimization"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Wonkyung","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eojin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sangpyo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jongmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Namhoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Keewoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chohong","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jung Hee","family":"Cheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jung Ho","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","author":"harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cuda pro tip Write flexible kernels with grid-stride loops"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33019466"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"144","article-title":"Somewhat practical fully homomorphic encryption","volume":"2012","author":"fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Assoc Cryptologic Res Cryptology ePrint Archive"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1985.1057074"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"617","article-title":"FHEW: Bootstrapping homomorphic encryption in less than a second","author":"ducas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Annu Int Conf Theory Appl Cryptograph Techn"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"201","article-title":"CryptoNets: Applying neural networks to encrypted data with high throughput and accuracy","author":"dowlin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 33rd Int Conf Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref37","author":"han","year":"2019","journal-title":"HELR Homomorphic Logistic Regression on Encrypted Data"},{"key":"ref36","author":"halevi","year":"2020","journal-title":"HElib An Implementation of Homomorphic Encryption"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"83","article-title":"An improved RNS variant of the BFV homomorphic encryption scheme","author":"halevi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Cryptographers&#x2019; Track RSA Conf"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"A fully homomorphic encryption scheme","author":"gentry","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48910-X_16"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"169","article-title":"On data banks and privacy homomorphisms","volume":"4","author":"rivest","year":"1978","journal-title":"Found Secure Comput"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3373376.3378523"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2018.2816640"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-48324-4_10"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"387","article-title":"FPGA-based high-performance parallel architecture for homomorphic computing on encrypted data","author":"roy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Symp High Perform Comput Archit (HPCA)"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/3254"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2010.07.006"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2017.38"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2019","journal-title":"NVIDIA TITAN RTX Product Overview"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2018","journal-title":"HEAAN with Faster Multiplication"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70694-8_15"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Faster CryptoNets: Leveraging sparsity for real-world encrypted inference","author":"chou","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1811 09953"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00145-019-09319-x"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2016.2619669"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/S0025-5718-1965-0178586-1"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AINA.2010.187"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"169","article-title":"cuHE: A homomorphic encryption accelerator library","author":"dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Cryptography Inf Secur"},{"key":"ref50","author":"lecun","year":"1998","journal-title":"The MNIST Database of Handwritten Digits"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2213977.2214086"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2016.2574340"},{"key":"ref58","year":"2021","journal-title":"NVIDIA Nsight Compute"},{"key":"ref57","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parallel Thread Execution ISA"},{"key":"ref56","year":"2019","journal-title":"CUDA C++ Programming Guide"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"NVIDIA turing GPU architecture","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"NVIDIA tesla V100 GPU architecture","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPASS48437.2020.00039"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"FFConv: Fast factorized neural network inference on encrypted data","author":"lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv 2102 03494"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2018.i2.70-95"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"432","article-title":"A full RNS variant of FV like somewhat homomorphic encryption schemes","author":"bajard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Sel Areas Cryptogr"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsc.2013.09.002"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"325","article-title":"Fast multiplication and its applications","volume":"44","author":"bernstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Int Algorithmic Number Theory Symp"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1145\/3338469.3358944","article-title":"NGraph-HE2: A high-throughput framework for neural network inference on encrypted data","author":"boemer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc 7th ACM Workshop Encrypted Comput Appl Homomorphic Cryptography (WAHC)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2633600"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Low latency privacy preserving inference","author":"brutzkus","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1812 10659"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70278-0_1"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"1073","article-title":"Faster homomorphic discrete Fourier transforms and improved FHE bootstrapping","volume":"2018","author":"cheon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Assoc Cryptologic Res Cryptology ePrint Archive"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"347","article-title":"A full RNS variant of approximate homomorphic encryption","author":"cheon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Sel Areas Cryptogr"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"360","article-title":"Bootstrapping for approximate homomorphic encryption","author":"cheon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Annu Int Conf Theory Appl Cryptograph Techn"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2020","journal-title":"PALISADE Lattice Cryptography Library (Release 1 7 4)"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lattigo 1 3 1"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Efficient GPGPU implementation of the leveled fully homomorphic encryption scheme YASHE","author":"alves","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2020.3021238"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Towards the AlexNet moment for homomorphic encryption: HCNN, theFirst homomorphic CNN on encrypted data with GPUs","author":"al badawi","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1811 00778"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1721654.1721672"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"264","article-title":"Accelerating number theoretic transformations for bootstrappable homomorphic encryption on GPUs","author":"kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Symp Workload Characterization (IISWC)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2019.2902799"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Dissecting the NVIDIA volta GPU architecture via microbenchmarking","author":"jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1804 06826"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Dissecting the NVidia turing T4 GPU via microbenchmarking","author":"jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv 1903 07486"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-018-0401-7"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243837"},{"key":"ref42","year":"2018","journal-title":"Secure Genome Analysis Competition"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1364782.1364786"},{"key":"ref44","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Optimization Reference Manual"},{"key":"ref43","year":"2019","journal-title":"Secure Genome Analysis Competition"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09481143.pdf?arnumber=9481143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T16:59:02Z","timestamp":1643216342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9481143\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3096189","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}