{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T22:28:38Z","timestamp":1776551318853,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004595","name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia under Research University Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCEDEC\/8014079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCEDEC\/8014079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) through the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCEDEC\/6071449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCEDEC\/6071449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"QEDT Venture"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3098895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T20:05:24Z","timestamp":1626811524000},"page":"106107-106139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The Advancement of Radio Frequency Energy Harvesters (RFEHs) as a Revolutionary Approach for Solving Energy Crisis in Wireless Communication Devices: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Loganathan","family":"Ramalingam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selvakumar","family":"Mariappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3587-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pharveen","family":"Parameswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0313-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jagadheswaran","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1596-1125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram Sharma","family":"Nitesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narendra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2070-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arokia","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binboga Siddik","family":"Yarman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2008.920318"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2006.886523"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"477","article-title":"Experiments with high velocity positive ions","volume":"129","author":"cockcroft","year":"1930","journal-title":"Proceedings Mathematical Physical & Engineering Sciences"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29121\/ijetmr.v3.i1.2016.39"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2019.02.100"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.103113.130470"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2005.858620"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2783045"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"105","article-title":"Differential-drive CMOS rectifier for UHF RFIDs with 66% PCE at&#x2013;12 dBm input","author":"sasaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conf"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.1976.1050739"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2013.2262687"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.21061\/jots.v35i1.a.6","article-title":"Potential ambient energy-harvesting sources and techniques","volume":"35","author":"faruk","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Technol Stud"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7081084"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluating compliance with FCC guidelines for human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields","volume":"65","author":"cleveland","year":"1997","journal-title":"OET Bull"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"494","article-title":"ICNIRP Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)","volume":"74","author":"matthes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"ref21","volume":"16","year":"0"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1986.1143727"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMM.2017.2664001"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APUSNCURSINRSM.2018.8608525"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2016.2554778"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/mmce.21627","article-title":"A novel meander line integrated E-shaped rectenna for energy harvesting applications","volume":"29","author":"\u00e7elik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JRPROC.1946.234568"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2007.895229"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2009.2028955"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2012.2185293"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2016.2623821"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WPT.2017.7953896"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2004.835822"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WPT.2016.7498841"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2016.2591263"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2016.2586077"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2011.2167548"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2011.3576"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ericsson Mobility Report - on the Pulse of the Networked Society"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"97","article-title":"The internet of everything through IPv6: An analysis of challenges, solutions and opportunities","volume":"4","author":"jara","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Wireless Mobile Netw Ubiq Comput Depend Appl"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110500"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/challe6010117"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2018.2833553"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2015.0445"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2015.02.039"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2019.2949796"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2016.2585552"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2015.2413153"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2012.2230499"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2014.2352211"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2011.2157010"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Voltage multiplier employing clock gated transistor chain","author":"dickson","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2014.2337211"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2014.2305074"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2014.2338616"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2014.6848243"},{"key":"ref125","first-page":"1","article-title":"A 50&#x2013;60 GHz rectifier with ?7dBm sensitivity for 1 V DC output voltage and 8% efficiency in 65-nm CMOS","author":"gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE MTT-S Int Microw Symp Dig"},{"key":"ref124","first-page":"403","article-title":"A 71GHz RF energy harvesting tag with 8% efficiency for wireless temperature sensors in 65nm CMOS","author":"gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Radio Freq Integr Circuits Symp (RFIC)"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2990662"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2017.2711506"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2016.2591543"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2015.2479233"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2014.2370103"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"149","article-title":"On-chip spiral inductors for RF applications: An overview","volume":"4","author":"chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Semicond Technol Sci"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spmi.2020.106639"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2020.3037137"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8903139"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2020.3036850"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RFID-TA.2015.7379816"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WPT.2013.6556899"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"1","article-title":"Design of a rectifier for 2.45 GHz wireless power transmission","author":"wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Ph D Res Microelectron Electron Conf"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2009.2034440"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2019.2937542"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2015.11.012"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2017.2720600"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSCAS48704.2020.9184497"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2019.2925090"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2010.2048770"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"483","article-title":"A ?32dBm sensitivity RF power harvester in 130nm CMOS","author":"oh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Radio Freq Integr Circuits Symp"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2013.2264712"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2010.05.010"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mee.2007.12.057"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MTS.2013.2291170"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2015.2476345"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCAP.2016.7481960"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2012.2212232","article-title":"Design of a high-efficiency 2.45-GHz rectenna for low-input-power energy harvesting","volume":"11","author":"sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7716\/aem.v6i4.518"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WPT.2017.7953809"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2016.1150"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2018.2882632"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2020.3012872"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2848907"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2986797"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSQRWC.2019.8799279"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"45","article-title":"Development of broadband CPW RF rectifier for wireless electromagnetic energy harvesting","author":"mansour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Wireless Power Transf Conf (WPTC)"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2019.2946911"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSQRWC.2019.8799224"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2645505"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2018.2826568"},{"key":"ref110","first-page":"32","article-title":"An enhanced rectenna using differentially-fed rectifier for wireless power transmission","volume":"15","author":"sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.08.035"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APCAP.2016.7843115"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.09.022"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mmce.21424"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3068482"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3080710"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10121482"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACTM.2019.8776726"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Feasibility study on ambient RF energy harvesting for wireless sensor network","author":"lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE MTT-S Int Microw Symp Dig"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IMWS-BIO.2015.7303773"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2015.2396043"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCIC.2018.8782427"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Triple-band single-diode microwave rectifier using CRLH transmission line","author":"oka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Asia&#x2013;Pacific Microw Conf"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/22.141359"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCC47050.2019.9064308"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2013.6697364"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NEWCAS.2018.8585659"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2016.7540083"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2016.2585557"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9091416"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"585","article-title":"High-Q CRLH transmission line stub resonator utilizing negative order resonance modes","author":"tanaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 17th European Microwave Conf (EuMc)"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2020.2968616"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITCE.2019.8646386"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WPTC45513.2019.9055589"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2014.2364830"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2019.2963422"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WPT.2017.7953871"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2020.3028607"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"1","article-title":"Small-footprint wideband 94GHz rectifier for swarm micro-robotics","author":"hemour","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE MTT-S Int Microw Symp Dig"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2013.6697772"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RFIC.2013.6569557"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2010.2042640","article-title":"Direct synthesis of passband impedance matching with nonuniform transmission lines","volume":"58","author":"hsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microw Theory Techn"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2008.925638"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APMC.2017.8251400"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSQRWC.2019.8799201"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09492084.pdf?arnumber=9492084","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T08:16:55Z","timestamp":1699258615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9492084\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":130,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3098895","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}