{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:33:29Z","timestamp":1781109209470,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002358","name":"Beihang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KH54210201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KH54210201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002358","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002358","name":"Beihang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KZ01005001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KZ01005001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002358","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3103750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T20:25:56Z","timestamp":1628540756000},"page":"115068-115076","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["General Formulas of Effective Earth Radius and Modified Refractive Index"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Guoxu","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxu","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9201(01)00200-X"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218216519500202"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.1969.7370739"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2017.2749603"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1056\/25\/12\/124315"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"423","article-title":"Application of the split-step Fourier method to the numerical solution of nonlinear and variable coefficient wave equations","volume":"15","author":"hardin","year":"1972","journal-title":"SIAM Rev"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2019.163082"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2019.2907906"},{"key":"ref35","year":"0"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.1977.120942"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"13","article-title":"Solution of the problem of propagation of electromagnetic waves along the earth&#x2019;s surface by the method of parabolic equation","volume":"10","author":"leontovich","year":"1946","journal-title":"Acad Sci USSR J Phys"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2015.2418788"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218396X00000388"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2949783"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Propagation Data and Prediction Methods Required for the Design of Earth-Space Telecommunication Systems"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2019","journal-title":"Definitions of Terms Relating to Propagation in Non-Ionized Media"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"27","article-title":"Theory of propagation in a horizontally stratified atmosphere","author":"freehafer","year":"1951","journal-title":"Propagation of Short Radio Waves"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1699820"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-221422-6.50007-3"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1986.1143948"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/PBEW502E_ch7"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2006.884737"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2019.2948496"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2019","journal-title":"The radio refractive index its formula and refractivity data"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"263","article-title":"The propagation factor, $F_{p}$\n, in the radar equation","author":"patterson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radar Handbook"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JRPROC.1959.287242"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mma.6093"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/PBEW502E_ch10"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1933.tb03220.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1707683"},{"key":"ref16","year":"2017","journal-title":"Effects of Tropospheric Refraction on Radiowave Propagation"},{"key":"ref17","year":"2019","journal-title":"Propagation by diffraction"},{"key":"ref18","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prediction Procedure for the Evaluation of Interference Between Stations on the Surface of the Earth at Frequencies Above About 0 1 Ghz"},{"key":"ref19","year":"2017","journal-title":"Propagation Data and Prediction Methods Required for the Design of Terrestrial Line-of-Sight Systems"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2010.2100154"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2016.2594067"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2014.2344091"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2008.919390"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2924261"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2015.2471079"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2015.7131234"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2018.2852141"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201834962"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.95.013822"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2478.12526"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01490419.2018.1438322"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIAS.2012.6306187"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-13-00152.1"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.378829"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2018.2835157"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09509503.pdf?arnumber=9509503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:57:50Z","timestamp":1639771070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9509503\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3103750","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}