{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T14:31:51Z","timestamp":1773930711988,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2S05-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2S05-038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3104464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T20:04:15Z","timestamp":1628885055000},"page":"113788-113812","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Systematic Review of Intelligent Algorithms in Gait Analysis and Prediction for Lower Limb Robotic Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8008-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rania","family":"Kolaghassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3246-8479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad Kenan","family":"Al-Hares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0847-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Sirlantzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s151127738"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Automatic real-time gait event detection in children using deep neural networks","volume":"14","author":"kidzi?ski","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2016.2608720"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16010066"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2013.6696471"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19112517"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction","author":"alpaydin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Introduction to Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2019.2944655"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.06.019"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.01.021"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-016-9514-6"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.05.006"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2928777"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2018.12.012"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCE.2011.5973775"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.05.002"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-018-0880-6"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122735"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-016-0436-y"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMU.2015.7061032"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14311\/1514"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.06.023"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.04.025"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3195373"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-30162-4_415"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994018"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/130385.130401"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"849","article-title":"Reinforcement learning","author":"stone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-30164-8"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-30164-8"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053159"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aaa8c0"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132988"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0585-x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2018.2815083"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077348"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aam9145"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2006.871087"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00560"},{"key":"ref7","author":"bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wearable Exoskeleton Systems Design Control and Applications"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219843607001126"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-44738-4","author":"\u00f6zkaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fundamentals of Biomechanics Equilibrium Motion and Deformation"},{"key":"ref45","author":"levine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Whittle’s Gait Analysis"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-020-00675-5"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4039145"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"7","article-title":"Integration of machine learning with dynamics and control: From autonomous cars to biomechatronics","author":"hashemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"CSME Bulletin"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMRB.2019.2961749"},{"key":"ref44","author":"whittle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gait Analysis An Introduction"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2018.2864119"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19245449"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46805-6_19"},{"key":"ref71","author":"goodfellow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deep Learning"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"73","article-title":"Backpropagation","author":"munro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app8091462"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/a12120253"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2904709"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2018.08.030"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18494\/SAM.2019.2493"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0486-z"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-85729-299-5"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00116251"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"263","article-title":"Decision tree","author":"f\u00fcrnkranz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00993309"},{"key":"ref64","author":"buckner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Connectionism Fall 2019 Metaphysics Research Lab"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02478259"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0042519"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"988","article-title":"Topology of a neural network","author":"miikkulainen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4931.001.0001"},{"key":"ref2","year":"1971","journal-title":"Research and development prototype for machine augmentation of human strength and endurance Hardiman I project"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93025-1_8"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RDCAPE47089.2019.8979099"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2018.2832657"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-019-04567-1"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2008.2008278"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00359"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2019.2933896"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2703586"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2018.2841358"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00170"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/016918611X588899"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2013.07.003"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2913959"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2017.2755048"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20041104"},{"key":"ref102","first-page":"152","article-title":"Gait angle prediction for lower limb orthotics and prostheses using an EMG signal and neural networks","volume":"3","author":"lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Control Autom Syst"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.09.030"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2015.2504078"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2313867"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20041185"},{"key":"ref99","first-page":"57","article-title":"Prediction of lower extremities’ movement by angle-angle diagrams and neural networks","volume":"13","author":"kutilek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Bioeng Biomech"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2019.2893055"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2900591"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156855307781746061"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2365697"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-6-21"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.912638"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2003.823266"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2015.09.007"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACI.2018.8377581"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2953302"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2749005"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACI.2018.8377601"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2019.01.013"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0526-8"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8682168"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSAI.2017.8248364"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2018.2830367"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0535-7"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2786587"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2020.3004555"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2957667"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms100"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2446-4740.07417"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2019.2950309"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20020537"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7984157"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18494\/SAM.2019.2288"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09513306.pdf?arnumber=9513306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:57:29Z","timestamp":1639771049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9513306\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":117,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3104464","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}