{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:39:24Z","timestamp":1779295164608,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3107871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T19:56:46Z","timestamp":1629921406000},"page":"121570-121582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Enhanced GNSS Authentication Based on the Joint CHIMERA\/OSNMA Scheme"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6504-8414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Motella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5282-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Nicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Damy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref33","year":"2020","journal-title":"IFEN—GNSS Simulator and Receiver Products and Services"},{"key":"ref32","year":"2021","journal-title":"NUT4NT—Amungo Navigation"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1245","article-title":"N-Gene: A complete GPS and Galileo software suite for precise navigation","author":"fantino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Tech Meeting Inst Navigat (ITM)"},{"key":"ref30","year":"2021","journal-title":"SiGe GN3S Sampler v2"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2020.17717"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2020.17191"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Galileo OSNMA: An implementation for ARM-based embedded platforms","author":"gamba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Conf on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2019.16699"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/127072"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2013.6494400"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2021.3061822","article-title":"Performance analysis of the dispersion of double differences algorithm to detect single-source GNSS spoofing","author":"falletti","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2017.15193"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"2314","article-title":"Assessing the spoofing threat: Development of a portable GPS civilian spoofer","author":"humphreys","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc 21st Int Tech Meeting Satell Division Inst Navigat (ION GNSS)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.14"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2715898"},{"key":"ref18","year":"2018","journal-title":"Galileo Navigation Message Authentication Specification for Signal-in-Space Testing—V1 1"},{"key":"ref19","year":"2019","journal-title":"Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate Advanced GPS Technology Interface Specification Chips Message Robust Authentication (Chimera) Enhancement for the L1C Signal Space Segment\/User Segment Interface"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS.2018.8373475"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sinister Spoofing in Shanghai"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2019.17086"},{"key":"ref3","author":"mccaney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yacht hijacking shows the potential power of GPS spoofing"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2018.2883752"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NAVITEC.2014.7045145"},{"key":"ref5","author":"goward","year":"2020","journal-title":"New GPS circle spoofing moves ship locations thousands of miles"},{"key":"ref8","author":"dovis","year":"2015","journal-title":"GNSS Interference Threats and Countermeasures"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2526658"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2020","journal-title":"Navstar GPS Space Segment\/Navigation User Segment Interfaces"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.65","article-title":"A survey of spoofing and counter-measures","volume":"61","author":"g\u00fcnther","year":"2014","journal-title":"Navigat J Inst Navigat"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2016","journal-title":"European GNSS (Galileo) Open Service Signal-in-Space Interface Control Document OS SIS ICD Issue 1 3"},{"key":"ref20","author":"cameron","year":"2019","journal-title":"AFRL Tests Chimera to Battle Spoofers and Hackers GPS World Website"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1543","article-title":"Anti-spoofing & authenticated signal architectures for civil navigation systems","author":"scott","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc 16th Int Tech Meeting Satell Division Inst Navigat (ION GPS\/GNSS)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2017.15206"},{"key":"ref24","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Galileo authentication: A programme and policy perspective","author":"fernandez-hernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 69th Int Astron Congr (IAC)"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Broadcast data authentication concepts for future SBAS services","author":"tosato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc 33rd Int Tech Meeting Satell Division Inst Navigat (ION GNSS)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS.2014.6851394"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09522141.pdf?arnumber=9522141","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:57:39Z","timestamp":1639771059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9522141\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3107871","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}