{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:01:03Z","timestamp":1782313263603,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) Malaysia through the Trans-Disciplinary Research Grant Scheme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRGS\/1\/2015\/USM\/01\/6\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRGS\/1\/2015\/USM\/01\/6\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MoHE through Skim Latihan Akademik Bumiputra"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3109780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T20:13:10Z","timestamp":1630527190000},"page":"121608-121631","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Improving Outcome Prediction for Traumatic Brain Injury From Imbalanced Datasets Using RUSBoosted Trees on Electroencephalography Spectral Power"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0687-8493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nor Safira Elaina Mohd","family":"Noor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6401-1791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haidi","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8310-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Hanif Che","family":"Lah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0258-7410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jafri Malin","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000898"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.12.006"},{"key":"ref33","author":"subasi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Practical Guide for Biomedical Signals Analysis Using Machine Learning Techniques A MATLAB Based Approach"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-015-0333-x"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/730218"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"A comparative survey of PSD estimation methods for EEG signal analysis","author":"musson","year":"0"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.12.001"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40810-016-0017-0"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJDMB.2013.056617"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00184"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbe.2020.11.002"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2019.101702"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.10.003"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8084-5"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2998934"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-018-0794-4"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"7","article-title":"Magnetoencephalography in the detection and characterization of brain abnormalities associated with traumatic brain injury: A comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"peitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2017.07.002"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007452223027"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-018-0643-x"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"63","article-title":"Evaluation: From precision, recall and F-measure to ROC, informedness, markedness and correlation","volume":"2","author":"powers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Technol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7318663"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2008.4761297"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000875"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IICAIET.2018.8638465"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.08.022"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2020.2964597"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2853125"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2915609"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-3600-3_51"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2983917"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Integrating old and new complexity measures toward automated seizure detection from long-term video EEG recordings","volume":"24","author":"mar\u00edn","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISCIE"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/cnc-2016-0013"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.03.176"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39461.643438.25"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-017-9684-0"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9795-9"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.1.JNS152385"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Classification with class imbalance problem: A review","volume":"7","author":"ali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Adv Soft Comput Appl"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642016dn11-010002"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70164-9"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00011"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx384"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"12","article-title":"Predicting outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury using machine learning models","author":"noor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intelligent Manufacturing & Mechatronics"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00471"},{"key":"ref42","author":"bishop","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000151"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3385-8"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22384"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.04.087"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007515423169"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007607513941"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-017-1595-8"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.01.030"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(00)00055-1"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2017.2723463"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816086-2.00008-4"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8923906"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17588928.2018.1504763"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2018.02.021"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-019-0187-y"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9120352"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"1","article-title":"Eye movement-related brain potentials during assisted navigation in real-world environments","author":"wunderlich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5574"},{"key":"ref134","first-page":"14","article-title":"EEG-correlates of consciousness recovery after traumatic brain injury","volume":"78","author":"sharova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zh Vopr Neirokhir im N N Burdenko"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.08.019"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.08.253","article-title":"Automatic EEG processing for the early diagnosis of traumatic brain injury","volume":"96","author":"zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.1.0084"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108812"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0146"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2016.12.015"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2011.02.013"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"1","article-title":"Classification of the stages of Parkinson&#x2019;s disease using novel higher-order statistical features of EEG signals","volume":"33","author":"khoshnevis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2137"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92830-5"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31824b00ac"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-016-0098-x"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00125"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.09.149"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0024"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3056724"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5359"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.FOCUS18191"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00058655"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3310986.3311023"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcss.1997.1504"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.10.016"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2016.2609424"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00142-2"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4995\/jclr.2019.11112"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0080"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39804-2_12"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.788640"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1007730.1007733"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.11.013"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2921591"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207192"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9949-8_29"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6708"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNC.2008.871"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2915611"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IKT.2016.7777767"},{"key":"ref97","first-page":"148","article-title":"Experiments with a new boosting algorithm","volume":"96","author":"freund","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc 13th Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699059509008203"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.120162"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000340796.18738.F7"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2034"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.44.4.285"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.89"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3343440"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059417742232"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"189","article-title":"Ensemble usage for classification of EEG signals a review with comparison","author":"unnisa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Hum -Comput Interact"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2016.07.012"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2656-6"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2011.2161285"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.01.060"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105610"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-018-0151-6"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003639"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-020-00349-y"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-2002-6504"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2000.906177"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MLSP.2016.7738825"},{"key":"ref80","author":"ciaburro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Machine Learning in MATLAB"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30115-8_7"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2018.07.011"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2009.2029559"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"957","article-title":"Ensemble learning-based EEG feature vector analysis for brain computer interface","author":"iqbal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evolutionary Computing and Mobile Sustainable Networks"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2007.06.018"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIEC.2014.6959183"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-019-00817-6"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.12.017"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001409007326"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"1","article-title":"C4.5, class imbalance, and cost sensitivity: Why under-sampling beats over-sampling","volume":"11","author":"drummond","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc 2nd Workshop Learn Imbalanced Datasets"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09527215.pdf?arnumber=9527215","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:55:26Z","timestamp":1639770926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9527215\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":135,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3109780","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}