{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T16:51:11Z","timestamp":1774889471054,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004830","name":"Innovation Think Tank, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Germany","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004830","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3115055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T20:03:29Z","timestamp":1632341009000},"page":"131306-131321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["5-Dimension Cross-Industry Digital Twin Applications Model and Analysis of Digital Twin Classification Terms and Models"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4030-5111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian Richard","family":"Newrzella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9530-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7367-7889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sultan","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digital Twins—Simulation at Siemens"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/proceedings2019020009"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-41329-2_10"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537287.2015.1033494"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJPLM.2006.011055"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT.2016.7845468"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dce.2020.16"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2946515"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT.2018.8355217"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review of digital twin about concepts, technologies, and industrial applications","volume":"58","author":"liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Manuf Syst"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2005.04.004"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1","author":"kropas-hughes","year":"2014","journal-title":"USAF digital thread initiative"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Product agents for handling information about physical objects","volume":"153","author":"fr\u00e4mling","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rep Lab Inf Process Sci B"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Digital twin: Values, challenges and enablers","author":"rasheed","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv 1910 01719"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2020.04.015"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"HVAC device registration in a distributed building management system","author":"sinha","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2498304"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2017.04.042"},{"key":"ref101","year":"2021","journal-title":"About the IoT Digital Twin Framework"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"657","article-title":"Product avatar as digital counterpart of a physical individual product: Literature review and implications in an aircraft","volume":"5","author":"r\u00edos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Adv Transdisciplinary Eng"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/systems7010007"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"25","article-title":"Cyberphysical-social systems based smart energy robotic dispatcher and its knowledge automation: Framework, techniques and challenges","author":"cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc CSEE"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.07.198"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dimensions of digital twin applications—A literature review","author":"enders","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc 25th Amer Conf Inf Syst (AMCIS)"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MeMeA.2019.8802162"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"312","article-title":"Towards a healthcare digital twin","author":"bah\u00f3n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Catalan Assoc Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-6848-0_3"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-020-01623-5"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2909828"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11010159"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2020.106282"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"501","article-title":"Digital twin in construction: An empirical analysis","author":"el jazzar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Work Intell Comput Eng (EG-ICE)"},{"key":"ref40","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digital Twin—Apply Advanced Analytics and Machine Learning to Reduce Operational Costs and Risks"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2118\/0618-0026-JPT"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10248903"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SEsCPS.2019.00012"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-019-00624-0"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA46521.2020.9212030"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35950-7_16870-1"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2950507"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA46521.2020.9212089"},{"key":"ref46","year":"2017","journal-title":"Digital Twin Market by End User (Aerospace & Defense Automotive & Transportation Home & Commercial Electronics & Electricals\/Machine Manufacturing Energy & Utilities Healthcare Retail & Consumer Goods) and Geography—Forecast to 2023"},{"key":"ref45","author":"vorhies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Digital Twins Machine Learning & AI"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2018.03.103"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital twin applications: A review","author":"campos-ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Memorias del Congreso Nacional de Control Automático"},{"key":"ref42","author":"panetta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2017"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2021","journal-title":"PTC Digital Twin Insights—Learn How to Capitalize on the Opportunity Presented by Digital Twin Technology"},{"key":"ref44","author":"panetta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gartner Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2019"},{"key":"ref43","author":"panetta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gartner Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2018"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-817630-6.00003-5"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-019-01516-6"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2756069"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-018-0911-3"},{"key":"ref76","year":"2013","journal-title":"United States Air Force Global Science and Technology Vision"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"50061","article-title":"Demystifying the digital thread and digital twin concepts","volume":"2015","author":"leiva","year":"2016","journal-title":"IndustryWeek"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-017-0233-1"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dsd.2020.15"},{"key":"ref78","year":"2021","journal-title":"Internet of Things"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-18732-3"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2971576"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46690\/ager.2020.04.01"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3384\/ecp181539"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2998723"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2118\/191388-MS"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12031088"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"4","article-title":"Digital twin for real-time data processing in logistics","author":"ha\u00dfe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Hambg Int Conf Logist (HICL)"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICE\/ITMC49519.2020.9198592"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2019.06.002"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gartner Survey Reveals Digital Twins Are Entering Mainstream Use"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"85","article-title":"Digital twin: Mitigating unpredictable, undesirable emergent behavior in complex systems","author":"grieves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2873186"},{"key":"ref95","author":"hagan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glossary Defense Acquisition Acronyms & Terms"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.09.003"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21278\/idc.2018.0188"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2018.04.118"},{"key":"ref92","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digitalization in Industry Twins With Potential"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2998358"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17560\/atp.v60i10.2371"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1365\/s40702-018-0406-x"},{"key":"ref90","author":"kienzler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digital Twins and the Internet of Things"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2019.05.045"},{"key":"ref102","year":"2021","journal-title":"About the Oracle IoT Digital Twin Implementation"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3180"},{"key":"ref99","author":"kucera","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Augmented Digital Twin Combining Physical and Virtual Data to Unlock the Value of IoT"},{"key":"ref96","year":"2020","journal-title":"Digital Twin Applications"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.08.474"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirpj.2020.02.002"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2020.2998530"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2012-1818"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32156-1_5"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2953499"},{"key":"ref15","volume":"53","author":"gelernter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mirror Worlds Or the Day Software Puts the Universe in a ShoeBox… How it Will Happen and What it Will Mean"},{"key":"ref16","author":"grieves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Digital Twin Manufacturing Excellence Through Virtual Factory Replication"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3060436"},{"key":"ref17","author":"piascik","year":"2010","journal-title":"DRAFT Materials Structures Mechanical Systems and Manufacturing Roadmap—Technology Area 12"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AQTR.2014.6857843"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"290","article-title":"Drilling digital twin success stories the last 10 years","volume":"2018","author":"gholami mayani","year":"2018","journal-title":"SPE Norway One Day Seminar"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5771\/9783845267913-163"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2018.8622160"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30844\/I40M_19-1_S27-30"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2015.04.008"},{"key":"ref89","author":"scully","year":"2020","journal-title":"How the World’s 250 Digital Twins Compare? Same Same But Different"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2019.04.024"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICE.2019.8792579"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107137"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"Digital twin: A primer for industrial enterprises","author":"dertien","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09546782.pdf?arnumber=9546782","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:55:43Z","timestamp":1639770943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9546782\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":106,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3115055","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}