{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T17:04:31Z","timestamp":1783789471471,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3125102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T21:28:51Z","timestamp":1635888531000},"page":"150098-150119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Distribution Power System Operation"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4360-9687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Stock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3946-7655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davood","family":"Babazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2010.2044590"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-017-2940-9"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-3972-7"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6940-7","author":"burke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Search Methodologies Introductory Tutorials in Optimization and Decision Support Techniques"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.09.009"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAPENERGY.2017.8397213"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2018.2816027"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3028064"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2050-7038.12894"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-44130-6"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-10139-6"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math9040361"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-021-03269-8"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"A definition of artificial intelligence","author":"dobrev","year":"2012","journal-title":"arXiv 1210 1568"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"kingma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Int Conf Learn Represent (ICLR)"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"3","volume":"115","author":"fulcher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computational Intelligence An Introduction"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2743240"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging4020036"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119670087.ch16"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2014.1059"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-020-09909-3"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1541\/ieejpes.137.52"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2019.2894769"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2873186"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2880443"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/PSCC.2018.8450880"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM41954.2020.9281662"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM41954.2020.9282121"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GlobalSIP.2016.7905955"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SGC52076.2020.9335750"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2019.2896493"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGTEurope.2017.8260315"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"1","article-title":"Preliminary exploration on digital twin for power systems: Challenges, framework, and applications","author":"he","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv 1909 06977"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"391","article-title":"Digital twin and its application to power grid online analysis","volume":"5","author":"zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"CSEE J Power Energy Syst"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"1","article-title":"System control centers","author":"brosinsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Energy Conf (ENERGYCON)"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IDAP.2019.8875963"},{"key":"ref4","author":"goodfellow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deep Learning"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aktionsplan Stromnetz"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISNCC.2010.5524469"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2020.3024914"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35833\/MPCE.2020.000552"},{"key":"ref49","author":"markushevich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Distribution Grid Management (Advanced Distribution Automation) Functions"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities4020029"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2017.08.1217"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2020.1172"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2020.3041774"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISC251055.2020.9239029"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/infrastructures6040050"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAICA50127.2020.9182696"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"44","article-title":"Online monitoring of power system small signal stability using artificial neural networks","author":"hotz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Conf Sustain Energy Supply Energy Storage Syst (NEIS)"},{"key":"ref44","author":"andresen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Design and Use Patterns of Adaptability in Enterprise Systems"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"4331","article-title":"Two-stage WECC composite load modeling: A double deep Q-learning networks approach","volume":"11","author":"wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv 1911 04894"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13102589"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2019.2959271"},{"key":"ref125","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimal restoration of distribution system by using PSO and ANN","volume":"9","author":"soomro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Telecommun Electron Comput Eng"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2016.1018"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/joe.2017.0651"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2693394"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2018.06.017"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-016-0911-8"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2020.2994857"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2873605"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-011-0803-3"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3013165"},{"key":"ref130","article-title":"Explainable artificial intelligence: Understanding, visualizing and interpreting deep learning models","author":"samek","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv 1708 08296"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2019.2957377"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGT-Asia.2019.8881370"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.11.097"},{"key":"ref134","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Union"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartGridComm47815.2020.9302990"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13123290"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SoutheastCon44009.2020.9249720"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3050074"},{"key":"ref136","first-page":"1","article-title":"Robust stochastic optimization for energy sharing between multi-carrier microgrids using transactive energy management system","author":"oskouei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc ETG Congr"},{"key":"ref135","first-page":"1","article-title":"Investigation of the voltage stability in the integrated energy system of northern Germany","author":"heckel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Conf Sustain Energy Supply Energy Storage Syst (NEIS)"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.09.151"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SEST48500.2020.9203238"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2016.2632156"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.110120"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2020.2988352"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35833\/MPCE.2019.000565"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2019.2919157"},{"key":"ref64","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pecan Street Dataport"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"4069","article-title":"Real-time power system state estimation and forecasting via deep neural networks","volume":"67","author":"zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1811 06146"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2015.11.044"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3003568"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13133369"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2829818"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2958664"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/int.22546"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EEEIC.2019.8783799"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2016","journal-title":"E-Energy\/Smart Grid The German Roadmap"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2015.2441706"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2681961"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jestch.2018.08.005"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"27","year":"2020","journal-title":"An EU strategy to harness the potential of offshore renewable energy for a climate neutral future"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GreenTech46478.2020.9289735"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCS51219.2020.9336612"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TENCON.2019.8929264"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEEE2.2018.8391318"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13123110"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAMIMIA.2015.7508015"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41601-019-0116-6"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM40551.2019.8973580"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2018.2811725"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2959699"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-017-3156-8"},{"key":"ref104","first-page":"84","article-title":"Fault classification of three-phase transmission network using genetic algorithm","volume":"5","author":"jamil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Eng Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2670602"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.03.021"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PMAPS.2018.8440495"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2785763"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDMW.2017.152"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2019.2941134"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eej.23100"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2020.2990179"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM40551.2019.8973924"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2019.2897948"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11102497"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ChiCC.2019.8865533"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPS.2019.8759662"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13215739"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9061030"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIEEC47146.2019.CIEEC-2019646"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en10020150"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7289674"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Alan Turing and the Turing test","author":"hodges","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parsing the Turing Test"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEV.2016.7759991"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEA.2019.8833701"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Computing machinery and intelligence","author":"turing","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parsing the Turing Test"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2933443"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/jagi-2019-0002"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACPEE48638.2020.9136356"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2966232"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"57","article-title":"Emergency control of load shedding based on coordination of artificial neural network and analytic hierarchy process algorithm","author":"le","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Syst Sci Eng (ICSSE)"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2016.2596298"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPESG.2018.8384525"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2009.03.007"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13061456"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2021.3056096"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCECE.2017.7946634"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2015.0441"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MED.2017.7984213"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCDC.2018.8407989"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PTC.2019.8810654"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEEGCC.2006.5686203"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12229591"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40313-019-00486-7"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09599712.pdf?arnumber=9599712","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T04:56:35Z","timestamp":1699764995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9599712\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":148,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3125102","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}