{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:16:13Z","timestamp":1767845773844,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation, under the Government of Ireland\u2019s Project 2040 Plan through the CENTS Project","award":["DT 2018 0040-D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DT 2018 0040-D"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3127890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T00:23:28Z","timestamp":1636763008000},"page":"154827-154844","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Practical Insights to Design a Blockchain-Based Energy Trading Platform"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0995-202X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Hosseinnezhad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5171-9056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barry","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3627-2353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"O'regan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0975-0241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Siano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.04.103"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2014.03.029"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8090972"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2653079"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMCON.2018.8614931"},{"key":"ref30","author":"sendin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Telecommunication Networks for the Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.03.039"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.08.123"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.08.002"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.1108r3"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2015.2498900"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2664072"},{"key":"ref29","author":"hanes","year":"2017","journal-title":"IoT Fundamentals Networking Technologies Protocols and Use Cases for the Internet of Things"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Peer-to-peer energy trading in electrical distribution networks","author":"zhang","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2014.2300753","article-title":"Internet of Things in industries: A survey","volume":"10","author":"da xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Informat"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2017.37"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.101911.00087"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.12.017"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"Quartierstrom&#x2014;Implementation of a real world prosumer centric local energy market in Walenstadt, Switzerland","author":"ableitner","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv 1905 07242 [cs]"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2647881"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tendermint: Consensus without mining","author":"kwon","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819710-3.00007-7"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2020.114613"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2019.8926947"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2923906"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2019.2892554"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2508443"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"3690","article-title":"Consortium blockchain for secure energy trading in industrial Internet of Things","volume":"14","author":"li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Informat"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2512267"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MELE.2018.2871326"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2874578"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2968402"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2013.09.004"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2015.2414355"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2019.2903172"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPE.2009.934876"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EEEIC.2016.7555867"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.04.038"},{"key":"ref49","year":"2015","journal-title":"USEF The Framework Explained"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2014.2341556"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.10.014"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2020.100653"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/CISTI.2017.7975732"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2018.2834472"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-0615(98)00031-3"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.11.002"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2781251"},{"key":"ref44","year":"2016","journal-title":"Connected Utilities&#x2014;Field Area Network 2 0 Design and Implementation Guide in CVD Program"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1","year":"2010","journal-title":"Communications Requirements of Smart Grid Technologies"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.12.013"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.114387"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2018.2878445"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGTEurope.2018.8571810"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2018.07.027"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.113471"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2019.2903485"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2332112"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.08.004"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2019.2931229"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2018.2818327"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2016.32"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/icp.2021.1226"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.07.012"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2019.2916565"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2929498"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.09.152"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2018.2876612"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.04.132"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2010.2047828"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2805899"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.2969657"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2018.0042"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"2965","article-title":"On blockchain applications: Hyperledger fabric and Ethereum","volume":"118","author":"sajana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pure Appl Math"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010162"},{"key":"ref94","article-title":"Blockchain technology, Bitcoin, and Ethereum: A brief overview","author":"vuji?i?","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 17th Int Symp INFOTEH-JAHORINA (INFOTEH)"},{"key":"ref107","first-page":"6153","article-title":"Blockchain applications in microgrids an overview of current projects and concepts","author":"goranovi?","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Ind Electron Soc Annu Conf (IECON)"},{"key":"ref93","article-title":"Hyperledger architecture volume 2: Smart contracts","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2017.03.737"},{"key":"ref92","article-title":"Hyperledger architecture volume 1: Introduction to hyperledger business blockchain design philosophy and consensus","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref105","article-title":"Electron reveals blockchain energy platform","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger","volume":"151","author":"wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethereum Project Yellow Paper"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-020-00423-6"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53357-4_8"},{"key":"ref103","author":"bonenfant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rewiring energy markets An opportunity for blockchain technologies?"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOIN.2018.8343266"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en10121971"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.11.059"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/93\/1\/012065"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2014.0699"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/571637.571640"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2806357"},{"key":"ref97","article-title":"Consensus methods in blockchain systems","author":"debus","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.03.111"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-017-0075-y"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.03.010"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.06.054"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.06.028"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2886932"},{"key":"ref118","article-title":"Tendermint: Byzantine fault tolerance in the age of blockchains","author":"buchman","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2019.01.036"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-018-0317-7"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NTMS.2018.8328736"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00450-017-0360-9"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.01.249"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2018.12.074"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02671-4_16"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11010062"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21314\/JEM.2019.193"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2019.105419"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2979051"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SEST.2018.8495882"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.07.042","article-title":"Optimizing rooftop photovoltaic distributed generation with battery storage for peer-to-peer energy trading","volume":"228","author":"su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3035918.3064033"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2566339"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1007\/s40565-018-0418-0","article-title":"Blockchain: A secure, decentralized, trusted cyber infrastructure solution for future energy systems","volume":"6","author":"zhaoyang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mod Power Syst Clean Energy"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"21260","article-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system","author":"nakamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Decentralized Bus Rev"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2922538"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCTA.2017.8062773"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09614118.pdf?arnumber=9614118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T20:54:51Z","timestamp":1643057691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9614118\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":118,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3127890","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}