{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:27:32Z","timestamp":1779294452185,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61832017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61832017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61922054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61922054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61872235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61872235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61832013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61832013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFB1710200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1710200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (STCSM) AI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19511120300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19511120300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hangzhou Qianjiang Distinguished Expert Program"},{"name":"University Malaysia Sabah"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2022.3162096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T21:38:44Z","timestamp":1648157924000},"page":"38104-38122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Research Perspectives and Challenges of Blockchain for Data-Intensive and Resource-Constrained Devices"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0671-3215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Imran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6478-4209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5691-3093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waqas","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Akhunzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing and Informatics, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Kashif","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5578-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Junaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uzair","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Sciences, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES) Chiniot–Faisalabad Campus, Chiniot, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11623-017-0819-7"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger","volume":"151","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethereum Project Yellow Paper"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Ethereum Blockchain App Platform","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Blockchain Technologies for Business","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Advancing Blockchain Technology","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978341"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSSA.2018.8708772"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"A Persistent Key-Value Store for Fast Storage Environments","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082575"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2018.2871449"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3035918.3064033"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"305","article-title":"In search of an understandable consensus algorithm","volume-title":"Proc. Annu. Tech. Conf.","author":"Ongaro"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"173","article-title":"Practical Byzantine fault tolerance","volume-title":"Proc. OSDI","volume":"99","author":"Castro"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2011.5958223"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"7","article-title":"Paxos made simple, fast, and Byzantine","volume-title":"Proc. OPODIS","volume":"3","author":"Lamport"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3190508.3190538"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2732196"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Proof of Authority","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"Poet: Proof of Elapsed Time","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"Ripple Consensus","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"279","article-title":"Enhancing bitcoin security and performance with strong consistency via collective signing","volume-title":"Proc. 25th Secur. Symp.","author":"Kogias"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"45","article-title":"Bitcoin-Ng: A scalable blockchain protocol","volume-title":"Proc. 13th Symp. Networked Syst. Design Implement.","author":"Eyal"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Tendermint Consensus","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Scalable BFT for multi-cores: Actor-based decomposition and consensus-oriented parallelization","volume-title":"Proc. 10th Workshop Hot Topics Syst. Dependability (HotDep)","author":"Behl"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17445760.2015.1078802"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-15147-2_27"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"DPOS Consensus Algorithm","author":"Larimer","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Pioneer of Proof of Stake","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Casper the friendly finality gadget","volume":"abs\/1710.09437","author":"Buterin","year":"2017","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"NXT\u2014The Blockchain Application Platform","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Blockchain Infrastructure for the Decentralised Web","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Hyperledger Sawtooth","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Fintech\u2014Blockchain Based Disruptive Technology","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"The Smart Asset Blockchain","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"Access the Power of Blockchain","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Eosio Blockchain Protocol","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"Steem\u2014Powering Communities and Opportunities","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Bitshares Blockchain: Industrial-Grade Decentralized Platform","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"All-in-One Blockchain Solutions"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Develop the World\u2019s New Financial System","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"CBC Casper Proof-of-Stake","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"Eris-db\u2014Permissioned Blockchain","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63688-7_12"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-78375-8_3"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243848"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3293882.3330560"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"Comparing Erc20\/Erc223 and the New Ethereum Erc777 Token Standard","author":"Mulders","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Architecture of the hyperledger blockchain fabric","volume-title":"Proc. DCCL","volume":"310","author":"Cachin"},{"key":"ref50","volume-title":"Stellar Smart Contracts","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"Turing Completeness","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDT.2007.178"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s102070100002"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-60865-6_44"},{"key":"ref55","volume-title":"Open Platform for Building Blockchains","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref56","volume-title":"Blockchain Technology for the Enterprise","author":"Prism","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"Kafka","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ATNAC.2017.8215367"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"13:1","article-title":"MixEth: Efficient, trustless coin mixing service for ethereum","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Blockchain Econ., Secur. Protocols","author":"Seres"},{"key":"ref60","volume-title":"Mastering Blockchain","author":"Bashir","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"343477","article-title":"Towards robust distributed systems","volume-title":"Proc. 19th ACM Symp.","volume":"7","author":"Brewer"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2460276.2462076"},{"key":"ref63","volume-title":"Mongodb","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"Rethinkdb","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2814624"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3231751.3231762"},{"key":"ref67","volume-title":"Permissioned Distributed Ledger Based on Ethereum","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"173","article-title":"Towards an optimized blockchain for iot","volume-title":"Proc. ACM IoTDI","author":"Dorri"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA.2016.7945805"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the activity privacy of blockchain for IoT","volume":"abs\/1812.08970","author":"Roulin","year":"2018","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0006240502160223"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICITST.2015.7412116"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2017.7917634"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45748-8_24"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32946-3_29"},{"key":"ref76","volume-title":"Blockchain Maturity Model","author":"Spenkelinkl","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"CMMI for systems engineering\/software engineering\/integrated product and process development\/supplier sourcing","author":"Team","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards a design philosophy for interoperable blockchain systems","volume":"abs\/1805.05934","author":"Hardjono","year":"2018","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-014-0761-7"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref80","first-page":"363","article-title":"An energy efficient model for WSN\u2019s monitoring applications","volume":"14","author":"Imran","year":"2016","journal-title":"IJCSIS"},{"key":"ref81","volume-title":"The Next Generation of Distributed Ledger Technology","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref82","volume-title":"Leveldb","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref83","volume-title":"Couchdb","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref84","volume-title":"Spark","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref85","volume-title":"Hadoop","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref86","volume-title":"Flink","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2015.32"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00040"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-43725-1_3"},{"key":"ref90","volume-title":"Delve Debugger","author":"Parker","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/springerreference_11876"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9668973\/09741442.pdf?arnumber=9741442","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T23:59:48Z","timestamp":1705535988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9741442\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":91,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2022.3162096","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}