{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:16:32Z","timestamp":1774271792147,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2022.3187686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T19:30:32Z","timestamp":1656703832000},"page":"71791-71804","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["iFace 1.1: A Proof-of-Concept of a Facial Authentication Based Digital ID for Smart Cities"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8796-4819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alakananda","family":"Mitra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7704-2829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Bigioi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C3i Research Centre, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2959-6541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saraju P.","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1670-4793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Corcoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C3i Research Centre, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1616-7628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias","family":"Kougianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2016.2556879"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Report: Cisco and IBM Leaders in the Smart Cities Technology Market","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iSES52644.2021.00090"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.403.0614"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-5288-3_9"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"DeepFakes: A new threat to face recognition? Assessment and detection","author":"Korshunov","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1812.08685"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00728"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2019.2954959"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.10.081"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598228"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.55"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.79"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2002.999679"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.244"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.220"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Labeled faces in the wild: A database for studying face recognition in unconstrained environments","author":"Huang","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.244"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Deep learning face representation by joint identification-verification","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1406.4773"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Deeply learned face representations are sparse, selective, and robust","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1412.1265"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298682"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.251"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.141"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00552"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00482"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5452870"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2009.2037873"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2016.7721741"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MOBIQW.2006.361741"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2015.7178258"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDSC.2007.4357512"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBA.2016.7477230"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383385"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3322431.3325417"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2016.2603342"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.01.050"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2959203"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2017.8057220"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iSES50453.2020.00031"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00495-x"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.3045937"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-91387-8_19"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-96466-5_14"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM42981.2021.9488737"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2016.2603342"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00525"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.169"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Faster R-CNN: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","volume":"28","author":"Ren","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.322"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.91"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46448-0_2"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990517"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/b:visi.0000013087.49260.fb"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"1755","article-title":"Dlib-ml: A machine learning toolkit","volume":"10","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OCIT53463.2021.00039"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00474"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"DeepFakes: A new threat to face recognition? Assessment and detection","author":"Korshunov","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01793-3_21"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"EfficientNet: Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1905.11946"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the effectiveness of local binary patterns in face anti-spoofing","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)","author":"Chingovska"},{"issue":"146","key":"ref61","first-page":"10","article-title":"Converting video formats with FFmpeg","volume":"2006","author":"Tomar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Linux J."},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"EfficientNet-EdgeTPU: Creating Accelerator-Optimized Neural Networks With AutoML","author":"Gupta","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.425"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3063884"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards end-to-end neural face authentication in the wild\u2014Quantifying and compensating for directional lighting effects","volume":"abs\/2104.03854","author":"Varkarakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"CoRR"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9668973\/09812612.pdf?arnumber=9812612","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T04:21:23Z","timestamp":1706761283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9812612\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":66,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2022.3187686","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}