{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:34:24Z","timestamp":1773804864803,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007278","name":"National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2022.3188717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T19:20:41Z","timestamp":1657048841000},"page":"74436-74448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Face Recognition System Based on Four State Hidden Markov Model"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4144-3022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danish","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0914-5081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran","family":"Touqir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Adil Masood","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1840-6343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jabeen","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1001-9648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.1998.678085"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","first-page":"46","article-title":"A new fast and efficient HMM-based face recognition system using a 7-state HMM along with SVD coefficients","volume":"4","author":"Miarnaeimi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iranian J. Elect. Electron. Eng."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSAE.2012.6272792"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cvi.2012.0302"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2015.0008"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref6","first-page":"135","article-title":"Face recognition using principal component analysis method","volume":"1","author":"Paul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Eng. Tech."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2014.2348018"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MECO.2019.8760162"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOASE.2019.8723728"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2014.2334656"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2015.2400772"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSET53708.2021.9612430"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOEI48184.2020.9143046"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPIN.2018.8474206"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2022.3172143"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECA.2018.8474860"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1275-9_42"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"144","article-title":"Face recognition using singular value decomposition and hidden Markov model","volume-title":"Proc. WSEAS Int. Conf. Math. Methods, Comput. Techn. Intell. Syst. (MAMECTIS)","author":"Dinkova"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5120\/15382-3827"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-018-0862-1"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CRCSIT.2017.7965559"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.554196"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICENCO.2016.7856453"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2894272"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2918275"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"339","article-title":"Combining classifiers for enhanced face recognition","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Adv. Inf. Sci. Comput. Eng.","author":"Nebti"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/MIPRO52101.2021.9596760"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tee.22223"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-017-1439-9"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.62"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-6316-7.ch007"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3090531"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.2984098"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSCAS.2017.8053089"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2825310"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0262-8856(94)90007-8"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2021.3065933"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11767-007-0028-x"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INNOVATIONS.2015.7381556"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BlackSeaCom.2016.7901570"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.3015552"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref42","first-page":"103","article-title":"Local graph embedding based on maximum margin criterion (LGE\/MMC) for face recognition","volume":"36","author":"Wan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Informatica"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2706525"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.8441452"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17148\/ijarcce.2015.4103"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2009.09.023"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2005.845598"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"The ORL Database of Faces","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref49","volume-title":"Yale Faces","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9668973\/09815216.pdf?arnumber=9815216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T04:33:42Z","timestamp":1706762022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9815216\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":49,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2022.3188717","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}