{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T09:42:34Z","timestamp":1781602954275,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2022.3189998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T19:26:58Z","timestamp":1657654018000},"page":"76805-76823","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["A Blockchain Footprint for Authentication of IoT-Enabled Smart Devices in Smart Cities: State-of-the-Art Advancements, Challenges and Future Research Directions"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8550-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usman","family":"Khalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Mueen-Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and IT, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4888-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Owais Ahmed","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1523-1330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saddam","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1751-8113\/44\/8\/085201"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18092796"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1361-3723(20)30026-9"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2896380"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2986444"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5120\/19787-1571"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"6 Leading Types of IoT Wireless Technologies | BehrTech Blog","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.11.022"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2015.03.008"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Network topologies in wireless sensor networks: A review 1","volume":"4","author":"Verma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Electron. Commun. Technol."},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"PKtronics: Structure of a Wireless Sensor Node?","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02763893.2013.858092"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2584538"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Evolution of Software Defined Networking Within Cisco\u2019s VMDC Challenges Within the Data Center SDN Architectural Framework and Solution Characteristics","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051141"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cps.2019.0028"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2020.103201"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2018.01.053"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.05.046"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900178"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145168"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.2704"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSN50589.2020.00121"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2957140"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2019.12.183"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCICSS.2016.7882935"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Brian Krebs: The Cybersecurity Blogger Hackers Love to Hate","author":"Weise","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Security fix\u2014Brian krebs on computer and internet security","author":"Krebs","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPW.2018.00013"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00013"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5452870"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDAT.2019.2917178"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5120\/19550-1250"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3005134"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"The Stuxnet Attack on Iran\u2019s Nuclear Plant Was \u2018Far More Dangerous\u2019 Than Previously Thought","author":"Kelley","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-9229-1"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11020293"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Code Injection Software Attack | OWASP Foundation","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2018.2825478"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2017.2686394"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSESS47205.2019.9040855"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2021.102448"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2014.09.013"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2018.8591401"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2846299"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISS53185.2021.9533246"},{"key":"ref49","volume-title":"OAuth 2.0\u2014Why It\u2019s Vital to IoT Security","author":"Sandoval","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref50","volume-title":"Mirai Botnet Loader Campaign","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2017.7917634"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IBCAST.2019.8667166"},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems for Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Facilities","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"Target Cyber Breach Hits 40 Million Payment cards at Holiday Peak","author":"Finkle","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref55","volume-title":"German Steel Plant Suffers Significant Damage From Targeted Attack\u2014Nouvelles de S\u00e9curit\u00e9\u2014Trend Micro FR","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNIDC.2018.8525716"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/121132.121160"},{"key":"ref58","volume-title":"Centralized vs. Distributed Authorization: The CAP Theorem","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOMWKSHPS50562.2020.9162648"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102482"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102468"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Cybermatics_2018.2018.00281"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Blockchain based trust & authentication for decentralized sensor networks","volume-title":"arXiv:1706.01730","author":"Moinet","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-020-03058-6"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info12050203"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3037733"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1456396.1456397"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3384943.3409417"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2018.8376948"},{"key":"ref70","volume-title":"Hyperledger Besu","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21020359"},{"key":"ref72","volume-title":"Scalable Blockchain Infrastructure: Billions of transactions & counting | Solana: Build Crypto Apps That Scale","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA.2018.8612856"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRERA.2017.8191102"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2015.05.017"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2422966.2422971"},{"key":"ref77","volume-title":"4th ICO\/STO Report\u2014A Strategic Perspective","author":"Davis","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref78","volume-title":"What is Tokenization? Blockchain Token Types","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref79","volume-title":"CryptoKitties | Collect and Breed Digital Cats!","author":"Castro","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref80","volume-title":"OpenSea, the Largest NFT Marketplace","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref81","volume-title":"NBA Top Shot | Officially Licensed Digital Collectibles","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tokenization of physical assets and the impact of IoT and AI","volume":"10","author":"Weing\u00e4rtner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Union Blockchain Observatory Forum"},{"key":"ref83","volume-title":"EIP-1155: Multi Token Standard","author":"Radomski","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref84","volume-title":"EIP-2981: NFT Royalty Standard","author":"Burks","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref85","volume-title":"EIP-2615: Non-Fungible Token With Mortgage and Rental Functions","author":"Shiba","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5906-5_46"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b14977-10"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protcy.2016.05.168"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2020.2972228"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-5660-y"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-5124-9"},{"key":"ref92","volume-title":"NuCypher: A Proxy re-Encryption Network to Empower Privacy in Decentralized Systems","author":"Egorov","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref93","volume-title":"NIST Releases SHA-3 Cryptographic Hash Standard | NIST","author":"Boutin","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9668973\/09827661.pdf?arnumber=9827661","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T17:46:00Z","timestamp":1749663960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9827661\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":93,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2022.3189998","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}