{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:26:26Z","timestamp":1783445186049,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2022.3203568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T15:36:34Z","timestamp":1662046594000},"page":"93168-93186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["A Survey on Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Enhancing Security and Privacy in Smart Environments"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Oumaima","family":"Fadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TIC Laboratory, International University of Rabat, Salé, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zkik","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERADE, Esaip école d’ingénieur, Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El Ghazi","family":"Abdellatif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TIC Laboratory, International University of Rabat, Salé, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boulmalf","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TIC Laboratory, International University of Rabat, Salé, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Blockchain technology in the insurance sector","volume-title":"Proc. FACI","author":"Company"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2017.8258365"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2018.00171"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.114384"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2886932"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13081363"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2019.06.018"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429261732-4"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"A blockchainbased approach to health information exchange networks","author":"Peterson","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2019.02.027"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/itsc.2016.7795984"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2988579"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.12.019"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AIC-130579"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhl.2021.100223"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3289600.3291377"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.09.010"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.07.008"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biodatasci-092820-114757"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030116"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2020.103596"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10614-021-10094-w"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"GOOGLE AI Blog","author":"McMahan","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3234150"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-019-09344-w"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2899617"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Blockchain could be the missing link in the renewable energy revolution","volume":"21","author":"T\u2019Serclaes","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Economic Forum"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010147"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Anomaly detection in bitcoin network using unsupervised learning methods","author":"Pham","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1611.03941"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1800290"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCS.2017.8014672"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Ocean protocol: A decentralized substrate for AI data & services-technical whitepaper","author":"Protocol","journal-title":"Int. J. Aerosp. Eng."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22345"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0006911007380743"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.02.060"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Decentralized Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Blockchain Technology Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Type, by Component, by Application, by Enterprise Size, by End-Use, by Region, and Segment Forecasts","author":"Market","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Security in bitcoin and Ethereum: A research survey","author":"Mayer","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPS-ISA48467.2019.00014"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2732196"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.08.020"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2018.10.020"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2017.1800116"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2842460"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2017.09.003"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipl.2010.07.024"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVCBT.2019.00012"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2015.15"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2019.101684"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"A newly-described \u2019blockchain denial of service\u2019 attack could convince miners to stop mining","author":"More","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Block"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"Packt","author":"Raj","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"129","article-title":"Eclipse attacks on bitcoin\u2019s peer- to-peer network","volume-title":"Proc. Secur. Symp. (USENIX Secur.)","author":"Heilman"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.08.020"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSA.2018.00015"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref55","first-page":"352","article-title":"Blockchain attacks analysis and a model to solve double spending attack","volume":"10","author":"Begum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mach. Learn. Comput."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2019.101604"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Public blockchain versus private blockhain","author":"Guegan","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-812282-2.00007-3"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAHCN.2018.8397151"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BLOC.2019.8751229"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.adcom.2020.08.020"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2975911"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2017.8258365"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2019.00337"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN44214.2019.8990819"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-23813-1_16"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEEC.2018.8674185"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010147"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013824"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2020.07.020"},{"key":"ref71","article-title":"Anomaly detection in bitcoin network using unsupervised learning methods","author":"Pham","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1611.03941"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app8122663"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data","volume-title":"Proc. Artif. Intell. Statist.","author":"McMahan"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2854599"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1541880.1541882"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3123024.3123157"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2799854"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2018.443"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.11.028"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2940052"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2020.101954"},{"key":"ref82","volume-title":"Google AI Blog","author":"Brendan","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2018.8622598"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2019.2952332"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2018.00124"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2017.8258365"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2020.07.020"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2897805"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBC51069.2021.9461119"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2018.11.010"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2018.8622598"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RWEEK.2017.8088642"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBC51069.2021.9461119"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain.2019.00057"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11040630"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCS.2022.3188249"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-8248-3_38"},{"key":"ref98","article-title":"Blockchain for the metaverse: A review","author":"Reddy Gadekallu","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2203.09738"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2022.103699"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-021-06496-5"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"A blockchain-based secure storage scheme for medical information","author":"Zhijie","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/joitmc7030189"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.02.003"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-4625-6_93"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1304-6_9"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3053842"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/SCM-09-2018-0309"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082575"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2890507"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCECE.2019.8861593"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2901840"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2021.3098636"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2021.3122368"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4329"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9668973\/09874817.pdf?arnumber=9874817","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T21:08:14Z","timestamp":1771276094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9874817\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":115,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2022.3203568","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}