{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:13:25Z","timestamp":1790993605332,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Fellows","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22J15869"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22J15869"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H01722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H01722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K19824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K19824"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16H06304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H06304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001863","name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPNP20006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPNP20006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001863","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001863","name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPNP18013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPNP18013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001863","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2022.3206791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T15:32:43Z","timestamp":1663255963000},"page":"99525-99540","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Blockchain in Education: A Systematic Review and Practical Case Studies"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0785-9841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Ocheja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friday Joseph","family":"Agbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon Sunday","family":"Oyelere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7644-997X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Center for Media and Computing Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Center for Media and Computing Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2974983"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-0146-3"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"347","article-title":"Course content analysis: An initiative step toward learning object recommendation systems for MOOC learners","author":"dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 9th Int Conf Educ Data Mining (EDM)"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIC54025.2021.9632993"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"856","article-title":"Online learning for latent Dirichlet allocation","author":"hoffman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2851748"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1765-5"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03387-8"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2018.09.002"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2015.1093271"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3159025"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3011229"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci11030142"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854-016-0034-9"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"2567","article-title":"A review on consensus algorithm of blockchain","author":"du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Syst Man Cybern (SMC)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.08.007"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103647"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.120649"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3046931"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2895646"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3047434"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3066340"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45697-9_36"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3241815.3241870"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85521-5_43"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORIS50180.2020.9320807"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-8598-6.ch047"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41133-020-00039-7"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2021.102460"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IICSPI48186.2019.9095961"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"1662","article-title":"Smart contracts as a diploma anti-forgery system in higher education—A pilot project","author":"kunosi?","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc 43rd Int Conv Inf Commun Electron Technol (MIPRO)"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0007245600150025"},{"key":"ref10","author":"grech","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blockchain in Education"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45153-4_48"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2021.3064798"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain for education: Lifelong learning passport","author":"gr\u00e4ther","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 1st ERCIM Blockchain Workshop"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3170358.3170365"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/jtes-2018-0009"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2789929"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-017-0050-x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app9122400"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain in education management: Present and future applications","volume":"18","author":"bhaskar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Interact Techn Smart Edu"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411681.3411688"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.09.074"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2018.1533261"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2018.06.003"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi13020024"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"21260","article-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system","author":"nakamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Decentralized Bus Rev"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41039-019-0097-0"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"85","article-title":"Blockchain technology and gamification-conditions and opportunities for education","author":"oyelere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adult Educ Transformation Era Digitization Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref9","author":"garrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"in the 21st century a community of inquiry framework for research and practice"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"526","article-title":"Decentralized e-learning marketplace: Managing authorship and tracking access to learning materials using blockchain","author":"ocheja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Int Cognit Cities Conf"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LACLO50806.2020.9381130"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/CISTI49556.2020.9140993"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"261","article-title":"A prototype framework for a distributed lifelong learner model","volume":"1","author":"ocheja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc 28th Int Conf Comput Educ Conf"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5753\/cbie.sbie.2019.229"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2684822.2685324"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2022.2026406"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45697-9_35"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9668973\/09893128.pdf?arnumber=9893128","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T16:30:02Z","timestamp":1705336202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9893128\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":59,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2022.3206791","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}