{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T11:04:00Z","timestamp":1775732640614,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":266,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2022R79"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R79"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2022.3217771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:53:39Z","timestamp":1667523219000},"page":"121684-121711","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Hybrid Sources Powered Electric Vehicle Configuration and Integrated Optimal Power Management Strategy"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9101-2645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhinav K.","family":"Gautam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5162-7626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd","family":"Tariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"}]},{"given":"K. S.","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1477-8759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabana","family":"Urooj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0389-4304(01)00138-2"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2011.2115242"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2014.2363617"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3166\/ejc.11.509-524"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2005.1554534"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2015.07.181"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2017.2740836"},{"key":"ref178","first-page":"1","article-title":"On adaptive-ecms strategies for hybrid electric vehicles","volume":"67","author":"onori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Int Sci Conf Hybrid Electr Vehicles"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2004.838569","article-title":"An energy management and charge sustaining strategy for a parallel hybrid vehicle with CVT","volume":"13","author":"won","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2539245"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEHV.2011.042146"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UPCON.2016.7894665"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/20.511355"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2012.2206415"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2014.04.008"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.806767"},{"key":"ref30","author":"johnson","year":"2000","journal-title":"HEV control strategy for real-time optimization of fuel economy and emissions"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2016.12.065"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2004.824312"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/09544070JAUTO1124"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15325000590474708"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2016.2580318"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.02.026"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2015.11.013"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2638912"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2013.2272179"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3182\/20121023-3-FR-4025.00041"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2017.2753169"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2006.884887"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMDC.2003.1211267"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.08.143"},{"key":"ref28","author":"kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fuel Economy Optimization for Parallel Hybrid Vehicles with CVT"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2950033"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.10.152"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2019.1911420"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2007.909268"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2017-01-1169"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2948918"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.644-650.446"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.1997.611889"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/09544070JAUTO1074"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"2231","article-title":"Energy management of hybrid vehicle using artificial intelligence for optimal fuel efficiency","volume":"6","author":"badjate","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Soft Comput Eng"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5631209"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11092211"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2007.10.003"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2006.02.015"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.01.120"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4007149"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2014-01-1158"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIAFS.2008.4783975"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2014.2316644"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2019.01.002"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2017.08.020"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193789"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2756049"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2015.2420543"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2015.2426131"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-189774"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MELCON.1994.380823"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3516.828590"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.07.203"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"921","article-title":"Multi-objective parameter optimization of a series hybrid electric vehicle using evolutionary algorithms","author":"zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Vehicle Power Propuls Conf"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJVAS.2008.023579"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2005.844683"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2013.2254597"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24854-5_20"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MHS.1995.494215"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en10010054"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2012.2212735"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2015.12.071"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2010.2096802"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2017.2731787"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13243-020-00094-8"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2019.109596"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2547897"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.09.036"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"37","article-title":"Optimal power distribution strategy for series-parallel hybrid electric vehicles","author":"joonyoung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc 1st Int Forum Strateg Technol e-Vehicle Technol (IFOST)"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJVD.2012.047384"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.03.093"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-151959"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32003-6_62"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.01.021"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12239-012-0119-z"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2012.2198680"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/41.704891"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2015.04.024"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIC.1993.397669"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-0661(02)00072-2"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPEEDAM.2006.1649776"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.990881"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/87.998036"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2805353"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:FODM.0000003954.49357.b3"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1687814019830797"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18517\/ijaseit.7.1.1960"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4024788"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2012.05.055"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.865168"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.2008.4630697"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCTA.2019.8920605"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11081-009-9100-8"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2017.2729621"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/IMECE2001\/DSC-24505"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2005.1554634"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8450213"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCICA.2006.1713600"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2011.2157186"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11051091"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2009.03.007"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEHV.2006.352279"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/wjet.2015.33C032"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2017.08.079"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2803723"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2007.894649"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2018.8604991"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2016.08.039"},{"key":"ref195","first-page":"1","article-title":"Energy control of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles","volume":"8","author":"zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE\/CAA J Autom Sin"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.08.097"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2017.8330919"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-016-0269-y"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJPT.2013.054151"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2011.2134852"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2015.07.200"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2015.7352877"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2479717"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3182\/20080706-5-KR-1001.00781"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"106","article-title":"Optimization of racing series hybrid","volume":"38","author":"asus","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Mek"},{"key":"ref98","first-page":"4710","article-title":"A stochastic control strategy for hybrid electric vehicles","volume":"5","author":"lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Amer Control Conf"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2015.2409235"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matcom.2006.06.016"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2003.815606"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12040588"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2015.03.057","article-title":"Dynamic programming-based optimisation of charging an electric vehicle fleet system represented by an aggregate battery model","volume":"92","author":"\u0161kugor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en8043225"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2016.2536141"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEHV.2010.034985"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/624649"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2013.08.018"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APEC.2017.7930994"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2015.10.013"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2008.919988"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/801237"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2017.09.008"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2010.5728979"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAD.2014.7001326"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12239-011-0107-8"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2010.5641785"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2948192"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2017.03.920"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2016.11.087"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2005.844685"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2019.2927531"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2444876"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.119302"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2986373"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0006573000610072"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2019.227391"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app8020187"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2926203"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2903098"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2019-01-0161"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAL.2008.4636250"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.7763\/IJCEE.2009.V1.10","article-title":"Energy efficient control of three-phase induction Motor–A review","volume":"1","author":"raj","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Comput Electr Eng"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.1080.0312"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2011.07.037"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12532-016-0108-8"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2009.2027710"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2012.02.010"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/wevj8010274"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2015.2468191"},{"key":"ref225","author":"baumann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Intelligent Control of Hybrid Vehicles Using Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/41.807993"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/302867"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11081-019-09438-1"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2294342"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00602-9_23"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su10103758"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEHV.2011.043876"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2005.847211"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15282\/ijame.15.4.2018.2.0439"},{"key":"ref133","article-title":"Hybrid optimal theory and predictive control for power management in hybrid electric vehicle","author":"uthaichana","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1804 00757"},{"key":"ref134","author":"tate","year":"2000","journal-title":"Finding Ultimate Limits of Performance for Hybrid Electric Vehicles"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en10070896"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/09544070JAUTO93"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2004.842461"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.03.034"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2012.2217362"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2011.06.003"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5055644"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127414500011"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2516\/ogst\/2012019"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en3091586"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en8099946"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2012.2206064"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.10.145"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2016.08.041"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2004.827161"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2891884"},{"key":"ref139","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"jungmeier","year":"2014","journal-title":"The biorefinery fact sheet"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11740698_12"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2019-01-0358"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954407015592256"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2017.2693275"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities4010022"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAP.2006.010758","article-title":"Application of genetic algorithm for simultaneous optimisation of HEV component sizing and control strategy","volume":"1","author":"montazeri-gh","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Alternative Propulsion"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2009.11.001"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0142331219874152"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2925559"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2019.0486"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9010105"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2010.2093129"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CYBER.2018.8688142"},{"key":"ref247","first-page":"1385","article-title":"An optimal energy management system for electric vehicles using firefly optimization algorithm based dynamic EDF scheduling","volume":"7","author":"kayalvizhi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Eng Technol"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35940\/ijitee.L2653.1081219"},{"key":"ref245","volume":"2","author":"preetha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Implementation of Ant-Lion Optimization Algorithm in Energy Management Problem and Comparison"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AUPEC.2018.8757882"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2011.2168820"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJHVS.2008.022247"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.1288"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2009.2023512"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077546314534286"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207179008934113"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.291-294.872"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2010.2043736"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2942383"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6183729"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr7080477"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAMI.2017.8307866"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2012.12.081"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-021-00510-x"},{"key":"ref255","first-page":"253","article-title":"Optimization of hybrid electric cars by neuro-fuzzy networks","volume":"4578","author":"mascioli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Int Workshop Fuzzy Logic Appl"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EPDC.2019.8903651"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11102556"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2877389"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2019.2894716"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549717743807"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2007.892492"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2262935"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2005.847445"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40534-019-0184-3"},{"key":"ref13","author":"mahapatra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Model-Based Design for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Systems"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2012.11.077"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"97","article-title":"Optimization of hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles","volume":"1","author":"drives","year":"2016","journal-title":"Power Electronics and AC drives"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2010.2061232","article-title":"Optimal control of hybrid electric vehicles based on Pontryagin’s minimum principle","volume":"19","author":"kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2012.04.014"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2011.07.003"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"42","article-title":"Energy management strategies in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)","volume":"4","author":"bashir","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Research in Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEHV.2007.014448"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2011.2123099","article-title":"Optimal equivalent fuel consumption for hybrid electric vehicles","volume":"20","author":"kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.12.031"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2013.11.002"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2516\/ogst\/2009040","article-title":"Commande optimale avec restrictions d’états appliqu&edblac;e á la supervision de l’énergie de véhicules hybrides","volume":"65","author":"p\u00e9rez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oil Gas Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2016.2517130"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2516\/ogst:2007056"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2011.2158565"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2011.04.008"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app8020218"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.12.032"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en10030305"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en10070918"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2959547"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en15041311"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en10081217"},{"key":"ref265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e23070874"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-189747"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9668973\/09931721.pdf?arnumber=9931721","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T20:06:44Z","timestamp":1670875604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9931721\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":266,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2022.3217771","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}