{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T15:57:09Z","timestamp":1781279829300,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62072082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62072082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21&ZD124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21&ZD124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019033","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020JH2\/10100037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JH2\/10100037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N2216008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N2216008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N2216005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N2216005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2022.3228535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T19:27:38Z","timestamp":1670873258000},"page":"45527-45546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["A Survey on Cross-Chain Technology: Challenges, Development, and Prospect"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8639-2257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanyu","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0166-1324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiezheng","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.000-5"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00040"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS47774.2020.00161"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"31","article-title":"A wild velvet fork appears! Inclusive blockchain protocol changes in practice","author":"zamyatin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Financial Cryptogr Workshops"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.07.086"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCI.2016.7732147"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Enabling blockchain innovations with pegged sidechains","author":"back","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCC55611.2022.00050"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain53845.2021.00042"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BCCA53669.2021.9656961"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"26","article-title":"Evaluation model of cross-chain notary mechanism based on improved pagerank algorithm","volume":"2","author":"dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Eng"},{"key":"ref45","author":"khalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Commit-Chains Secure Scalable Off-Chain Payments"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-78372-3_7"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Enhancing cold wallet security with native multi-signature schemes in centralized exchanges","author":"ebrahimi","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv 2110 00274"},{"key":"ref42","author":"zappal\u00e0","year":"2020","journal-title":"Game Theoretical Framework For Analyzing Blockchains Robustness"},{"key":"ref41","author":"belotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Game theoretical analysis of Atomic Cross-Chain Swaps"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCC55611.2022.00033"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3397230.3397231"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3209546"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBC48266.2020.9169468"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVCBT.2019.00008"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BLOC.2019.8751241"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PST.2017.00057"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain.2019.00040"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDH.2018.00029"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Research on improved consensus mechanism of delegated proof of stake in blockchain","author":"ma","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2020.09.004"},{"key":"ref101","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Graph Network Subgraph Migration Is in Full Swin"},{"key":"ref40","author":"wiki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hash Time Locked Contracts"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BRAINS49436.2020.9223283"},{"key":"ref34","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hyperledger fabric"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GIOTS.2019.8766403"},{"key":"ref36","author":"poon","year":"2020","journal-title":"The bitcoin lightning network Scalable off-chain instant payments"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Survey on storage scalability on blockchain","volume":"6","author":"sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Softw"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1800290"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"4","article-title":"Survey on key techniques and development of blockchain as a service platform","volume":"11","author":"mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"1614","article-title":"Traceability mechanism of dynamic data in Internet of Things based on consortium blockchain","volume":"6","author":"qiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Softw"},{"key":"ref39","author":"wiki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Timelock"},{"key":"ref38","author":"wiki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hashlock"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"35","article-title":"Analysis of cross-chain technology of blockchain","volume":"2","author":"guo","year":"0","journal-title":"The Chinese internet of things"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"341","article-title":"Survey on crosschain technology","volume":"2","author":"xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Res Comput"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMTMA52658.2021.00083"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1649","article-title":"Research on the progress in cross-chain technology of blockchains","volume":"6","author":"li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Softw"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-021-01277-1"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"83","article-title":"Research on cross-chain technology of blockchain","volume":"8","author":"lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Netinfo Security"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"The research summary of the development and application of blockchain cross-chain technology","volume":"3","author":"he","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Xihua Univ Natural Sci Edn"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SOSE.2019.00038"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3006078"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3321408.3322840"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Cybermatics_2018.2018.00260"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Research and application of consortium blockchain security and performance","author":"wang","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CyberSA52016.2021.9478257"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"209","article-title":"RBFT: A new Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus mechanism based on Raft cluster","volume":"3","author":"huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Commun"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3471140"},{"key":"ref96","year":"2020","journal-title":"BTC-Relay Ethereum Contract for Bitcoin SPV"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CTISC49998.2020.00009"},{"key":"ref99","first-page":"2903","article-title":"Survey on data management in blockchain systems","volume":"9","author":"zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Softw"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SRDS.2017.36"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PADSW.2018.8644933"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BRAINS49436.2020.9223297"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2019.00142"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3318464.3389693"},{"key":"ref18","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hyperledger Fabric White paper"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2197\/ipsjjip.30.260"},{"key":"ref92","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antchain Open Data Access Trusted Service"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.array.2021.100118"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2021.3055293"},{"key":"ref91","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antchain & Antchain Blockchain as a Service"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"1801","article-title":"Trusted protection scheme for virtual currency hot wallet","volume":"7","author":"xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eng Comput"},{"key":"ref89","year":"2020","journal-title":"Interledger Protocol V4 (ILPv4)"},{"key":"ref86","article-title":"Research and implementation of blockchain lightning network","author":"wang","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2021.105045"},{"key":"ref88","author":"thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"A Protocol for Interledger Payments"},{"key":"ref87","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fusion Whitepaper An Inclusive Cryptofinance Platform Based on Blockchain"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain50366.2020.00061"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"Cross-chain message passing (XCMP)","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polkadot"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-88806-0_17"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain.2019.00034"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCS.2019.8728462"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3479722.3480988"},{"key":"ref78","author":"wood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polkadot Vision for a heterogeneous multi-chain framework"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartIoT.2019.00041"},{"key":"ref104","author":"buterin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chain Interoperability"},{"key":"ref74","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tendermint BFT"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"Overview of polkadot and its design considerations","author":"burdges","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2005 13456"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-73200-4_48"},{"key":"ref76","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol (IBC)"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3326467.3326479"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Survey on blockchain technology and its application prospect","volume":"4","author":"he","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"28","article-title":"The challenge and prospect of distributed data management techniques in blockchain systems","volume":"1","author":"ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Comput"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Cybermatics_2018.2018.00216"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC46691.2019.8939684"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"Cosmos whitepaper","author":"kwon","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2022.07.008"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"541","article-title":"Merkle tree traversal in log space and time","author":"szydlo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Theory Appl Cryptograph Techn"},{"key":"ref67","author":"wiki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Simplified payment verification"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2019.06.006"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Testimonium: A cost-efficient blockchain relay","author":"frauenthaler","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2002 12837"},{"key":"ref63","author":"kiayias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proof-of-work sidechains"},{"key":"ref66","author":"bitcoin","year":"2008","journal-title":"A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2020.2968614"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"294","article-title":"BitXHub: Side-relay Chian based heterogeneous blockchain interoperable platform","volume":"6","author":"ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"R3 report—Chain interoperability","author":"buterin","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2019.102471"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10005208\/09982450.pdf?arnumber=9982450","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T18:17:09Z","timestamp":1687198629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9982450\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":104,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2022.3228535","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}