{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T09:30:04Z","timestamp":1773826204257,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant by the Korean Government through MSIT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A4A1018607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A4A1018607"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institute of Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation (IITP) Grant by MSIT through Artificial Intelligence Innovation Hub","award":["2021-0-02068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-0-02068"]}]},{"name":"IITP Grant by MSIT through the Evolvable Deep Learning Model Generation Platform for Edge Computing","award":["2019-0-01287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-0-01287"]}]},{"name":"IITP Grant by MSIT through the Artificial Intelligence Convergence Innovation Human Resources Development","award":["RS-2022-00155911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-00155911"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3235484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T20:50:13Z","timestamp":1673297413000},"page":"4381-4399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["FL-Incentivizer: FL-NFT and FL-Tokens for Federated Learning Model Trading and Training"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5908-3889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umer","family":"Majeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7678-6949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Latif U.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5317-6494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheikh Salman","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6606-5822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3484-7333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Choong Seon","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.21143"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3198273"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Artif. Intell. Stat.","author":"McMahan"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Federated optimization: Distributed machine learning for on-device intelligence","author":"Kone\u010dn\u1ef3","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1610.02527"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/APNOMS.2019.8892848"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3128622"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2021.3063517"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2021.103007"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.11.254"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9014329"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.1900649"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3062708"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DAPPS49028.2020.00001"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Ethereum Improvement Proposals: ERC","author":"org","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Non-fungible token (NFT): Overview, evaluation, opportunities and challenges","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2105.07447"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain53845.2021.00089"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"CryptoKitties: Collect and Breed Digital Cats!","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BCCA50787.2020.9274085"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3037182"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ELMAR.2019.8918650"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3900203"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CMI48017.2019.8962142"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3164444"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3113380"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2870644"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.05.025"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger","volume":"151","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethereum Project Yellow Paper"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2019.2895123"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.12.019"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Smart Contracts","author":"Szabo","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"The Idea of Smart Contracts","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2876971"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2020.102857"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform, Ethereum White Paper","author":"Buterin","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2020.102936"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"MetaMask: A crypto Wallet & Gateway to Blockchain Apps","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Hardhat: Ethereum Development Environment for Professionals","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BCCA53669.2021.9657040"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2020.2989002"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.02.003"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain53845.2021.00033"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2019.102471"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103711"},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"Rinkeby Test Network","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref45","volume-title":"Ropsten Test Network","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data","author":"McMahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1602.05629"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOIN50884.2021.9333905"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Federated learning with non-IID data","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1806.00582"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.011.2100003"},{"key":"ref50","volume-title":"Surya, The Sun God: A Solidity Inspector","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"OpenZeppelin Ownable Implementation","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref52","volume-title":"OpenZeppelin: The Premier Crypto Cybersecurity Technology and Services Company","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"OpenZeppelin ERC721 Implementation","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"OpenZeppelin ERC20 Implementation","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref55","volume-title":"Etherscan APIs","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref56","volume-title":"Hard Fork No. 4: Spurious Dragon","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"Downsizing Contracts to Fight the Contract Size Limit","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10005208\/10012365.pdf?arnumber=10012365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T08:37:03Z","timestamp":1707467823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10012365\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":57,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2023.3235484","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}