{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T15:38:43Z","timestamp":1778168323185,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"SGS Grant from the VSB\u2013Technical University of Ostrava","award":["SP2023\/005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP2023\/005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3267492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T18:07:06Z","timestamp":1681754826000},"page":"39243-39268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["A Novel Fusion Model of Hand-Crafted Features With Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Classification of Several Chest Diseases Using X-Ray Images"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4402-5088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassaan","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2266-9322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tayyaba","family":"Anees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7287-2372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Umar","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1125-3305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radomir","family":"Gono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0983-2562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Jasi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2388-3710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Leonowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5727-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Bernat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","author":"sethy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Detection of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on deep features"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13755-020-00135-3"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76550-z"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-020-00216-6"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2020.102365"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.22829"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3107841"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-14247-3"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266462"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3031384"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"COVIDX-Net: A framework of deep learning classifiers to diagnose COVID-19 in X-ray images","author":"hemdan","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 11055"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"1","article-title":"InfoGAN: Interpretable representation learning by information maximizing generative adversarial nets","volume":"29","author":"chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.103792"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"2672","article-title":"Generative adversarial nets","volume":"27","author":"goodfellow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-019-0276-2"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.632"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.243"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2022.102234"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.369"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcij.2017.12.001"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"23","article-title":"Application of AI techniques in medical image segmentation and novel categorization of available methods and tools","author":"rastgarpour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Int MultiConf Eng Comput Scientists"},{"key":"ref45","author":"mooney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest X-Ray Images (Pneumonia) | Kaggle"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.1095"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Augmented COVID-19 X-ray images dataset","author":"alqudah","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-021-00878-3"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Chest radiographs of COVID-19 infected","author":"malik","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref44","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) The Cancer Imaging Archive"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"COVID-19 image data collection: Prospective predictions are the future","author":"cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2006 11988"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.02.010"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10020559"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 from CT images using CycleGAN and transfer learning","author":"ghassemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv 2104 11949"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017162326"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Viral pneumonia screening on chest X-ray images using confidence-aware anomaly detection","author":"zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 12338"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200230"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2016.2528162"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2020.2993291"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2005.02.002"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2021.102008"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3079716"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020743"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.102920"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"COVID-CT-dataset: A CT scan dataset about COVID-19","author":"yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 13865"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"X-ray image based COVID-19 detection using pre-trained deep learning models","author":"horry","year":"2020","journal-title":"engrXiv"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041480"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.103869"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICT48419.2019.9066263"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"COVID-19 screening on chest X-ray images using deep learning based anomaly detection","author":"zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 12338"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-87240-3_58"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001421510046"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECCT.2019.8869364"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Update on COVID-19–20","year":"2021","journal-title":"WHO"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.1.1740071"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Sample-efficient deep learning for COVID-19 diagnosis based on CT scans","author":"he","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-021-00800-x"},{"key":"ref70","article-title":"Review on COVID-19 diagnosis models based on machine learning and deep learning approaches","volume":"39","author":"alyasseri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Syst"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-019-03342-6"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.114054"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"COVID-19 screening on chest X-ray images using deep learning based anomaly detection","author":"zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 12338"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3193573"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-021-00984-y"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216669182"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.8797"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-020-00865-4"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2021.1875049"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"simonyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1409 1556"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05410-8"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-110220-012203"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2022.01.055"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262708"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2022.103977"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42600-021-00151-6"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2020.100505"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33889\/IJMEMS.2020.5.4.052"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-021-00798-2"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031211"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2021.3058293"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106324"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10005208\/10103528.pdf?arnumber=10103528","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T18:47:39Z","timestamp":1684176459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10103528\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":78,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2023.3267492","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}