{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:52:16Z","timestamp":1786038736441,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":237,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3268615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T21:13:18Z","timestamp":1682025198000},"page":"39879-39912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Electric Vehicles Under Low Temperatures: A Review on Battery Performance, Charging Needs, and Power Grid Impacts"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9480-7186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Senol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8130-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I. Safak","family":"Bayram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1817-8117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahya","family":"Naderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1978-993X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2018.04.031"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.114241","article-title":"Emissions performance of electric vehicles: A case study from the United Kingdom","volume":"260","author":"k\u00fcfeoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2012.04.015"},{"key":"ref208","year":"2023","journal-title":"Worldwide Roads on Course for 31 1 Million Electric Vehicle Milestone by 2030"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITEC.2016.7520303"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14040832"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2015.7352939"},{"key":"ref206","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Energy Scenarios"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4686(02)00620-5"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PES.2010.5589940"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2017.07.002"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2015.2402834"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.3515880"},{"key":"ref201","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2014.7007097"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40903-015-0005-x"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/wevj10010014"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPE.2010.936349"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2015.2418335"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2019.100819"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2014.2331059"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.110015"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2020.115318"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tej.2015.11.011"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3090534"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2014.01.057"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11102635"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.12.009"},{"key":"ref217","author":"letha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Impact of electric vehicle charging on the power grid"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41918-018-0022-z"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2019.109618"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2014.09.081"},{"key":"ref215","year":"2023","journal-title":"Charging Device Testing"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2021.121554"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2013.2252029"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2018.06.016"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11051050"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PEDES.2016.7914369"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2019.111103"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renewable Energy Market Update for 2022 and 2023"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10098-019-01691-3"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2018","journal-title":"Road to zero"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global EV Outlook 2021"},{"key":"ref6","year":"2016","journal-title":"National transport plan 2018–2029"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fact Sheet President Biden Announces Steps to Drive American Leadership Forward on Clean Cars and Trucks"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2017.2764320"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2016.02.005"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2012.02.038"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2020.115944"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnsc.2008.07.014"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.10.089"},{"key":"ref35","author":"meyers","year":"1969","journal-title":"Electric current-producing cell with anhydrous organic liquid electrolyte"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-5316-2"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200901710"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13081884"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2021.102840"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2018.07.036"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2172\/4305596"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.119403"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ese3.95"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ee01598b"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.09.012"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"7","article-title":"Lessons learned on early electric vehicle fast-charging deployments","volume":"10","author":"nicholas","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Council for Clean Transportation Report"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2544178"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2020-Spring48590.2020.9129169"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2023","journal-title":"Global Data Explorer"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2019.10.024","article-title":"How much charging infrastructure do electric vehicles need? A review of the evidence and international comparison","volume":"77","author":"sprei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp Res D Transp Environ"},{"key":"ref21","author":"hall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electric vehicle charging guide for cities"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.11.034"},{"key":"ref27","author":"bernard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electric vehicle capitals Accelerating electric mobility in a year of disruption 2021"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2906487"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15325008.2013.834004"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITEC.2017.7993319"},{"key":"ref129","author":"figenbaum","year":"1682","journal-title":"Charging into the future Analysis of fast charger usage"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3093161"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.05.153"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.06.130"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954407013485567"},{"key":"ref99","first-page":"1","article-title":"Influence of V2G frequency services and driving on electric vehicles battery degradation in the Nordic countries","author":"thingvad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc EVS"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2017.108"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2014.07.030"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-019-0405-3"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101310","article-title":"Effect of current on cycle aging of lithium ion batteries","volume":"29","author":"barcellona","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Energy Storage"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2021.3135788"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2016.2553700"},{"key":"ref134","article-title":"Measurement of ABB’s prototype fast charging station for electric vehicles","author":"andersson","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jz100188d"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etran.2019.100011"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.12.022"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11081937"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.12.099"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/batt.202100046"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microrel.2018.06.113"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/MA2013-02\/14\/1191"},{"key":"ref139","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vehicle Charging System Testing"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.11.098"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00973-y"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microrel.2012.06.085"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00574-9"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.01.147"},{"key":"ref135","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nissan Leaf Owner’s Manual (Nissan Motor 2017)"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2011.08.067"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2017.07.004"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics7050072"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su9101783"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-78242-090-3.00009-2"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2007.352728"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.3614529"},{"key":"ref142","year":"2020","journal-title":"Documentation of IFE-TIMES-Norway V1"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2008.01.028"},{"key":"ref143","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Automobile Association (AAA) Electric Vehicle Range Testing"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.04.005"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2615095"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14175220"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2013.6671660"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2019.101059"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EPEC.2012.6474970"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2016.2578950"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101551"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2009.10.090"},{"key":"ref227","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improving photovoltaic and electric vehicle penetration in distribution grids with smart transformer","author":"huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc IEEE PES ISGT Eur"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2011.07.096"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.05.027"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCEP.2009.5212025"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2049975"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.08.034"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2015.09.033"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2817888"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2010.2070080"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2011.6043046"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2017.05.013"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2015.2437338"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2009.10.010"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2113792"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2011.2151206","article-title":"A new battery\/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system for electric, hybrid, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles","volume":"27","author":"cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Electron"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITEC.2014.6861800"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2014.08.013","article-title":"Thermal investigation of lithium-ion battery module with different cell arrangement structures and forced air-cooling strategies","volume":"134","author":"tao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2325963","article-title":"Flywheel-based distributed bus signalling strategy for the public fast charging station","volume":"5","author":"dragi?evi?","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(02)00490-1"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(02)00197-0"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2015.0110"},{"key":"ref73","author":"smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Models for battery reliability and lifetime"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJPEL.2021.3054601"},{"key":"ref72","author":"bayram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plug-in Electric Vehicle Grid Integration"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2015.07.033"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.01.058"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2005.06.033"},{"key":"ref119","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cooling and preheating of batteries in hybrid electric vehicles","author":"pesaran","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc 6th ASME-JSME Thermal Eng Joint Conf"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2005.01.006"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2003.09.070"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.3043429"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1393888"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2017.08.016"},{"key":"ref115","first-page":"34","article-title":"Battery thermal management in EV and HEVs: Issues and solutions","volume":"43","author":"pesaran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Battery Man"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en16041592"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2017.03.393"},{"key":"ref116","year":"2023","journal-title":"2012 Chevrolet Volt Owner Manual"},{"key":"ref237","year":"2023","journal-title":"Preconditioning and Climate Control"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2013.6671663"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(02)00048-4"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1120.1672"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2014.03.112"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2014.10.015"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2021.102937"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16502"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2022.3158043"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2017.10.029"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2016.2571778"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2019.100806"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.06.010"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807115115"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EEEIC.2013.6549577"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2013.12.005"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PTC.2013.6652435"},{"key":"ref177","author":"lorenzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Harmonics propagation and impact of electric vehicles on the electrical grid"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/561\/1\/012103"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5370\/JEET.2013.8.5.1234"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2010.0101"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2010.08.015"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGT-Asia.2011.6167115"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2011.2172454"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2021.117718"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IREC.2017.7925995"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2015.2396471"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.06.033"},{"key":"ref188","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/er.6207"},{"key":"ref186","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref187","year":"2010","journal-title":"EN 50160 Voltage characteristics of the electricity supplied by public distribution systems"},{"key":"ref184","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref185","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2011.2106527"},{"key":"ref183","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EI2.2018.8582069"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2013.2283598"},{"key":"ref146","first-page":"11","article-title":"The impact of driving cycle and climate on electrical consumption & range of fully electric passenger vehicles","volume":"26","author":"meyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc EVS"},{"key":"ref147","year":"2023","journal-title":"Temperature Tool for EV Range"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9938-2"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGT.2012.6175597"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.10.133"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0635-4_2"},{"key":"ref151","author":"letha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interaction between charging infrastructure and the electricity grid"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/199\/5\/052033"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-est.2018.5023"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJPEL.2020.2973926"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPAE.2004.1359010"},{"key":"ref158","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distribution networks with electric vehicles","author":"papadopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2015.7286342"},{"key":"ref167","author":"lucas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fast charging diversity impact on total harmonic distortion due to phase cancellation effect"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAS.1982.317284"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.05.013"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2015.05.012"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EPQU.2011.6128871"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tej.2016.11.006"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2374675"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35833\/MPCE.2018.000374"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2013.11.001"},{"key":"ref15","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/er.4033"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121038"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12061074"},{"key":"ref17","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electric Vehicle Charging Device Statistics"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etran.2019.100006"},{"key":"ref19","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tesla model 3"},{"key":"ref18","year":"2023","journal-title":"Best-Selling Plug-in Electric Vehicle Models Worldwide in 2020"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2019","journal-title":"2019 UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions Final Figures"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tracking Transport 2020"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2011.2164583"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2012.02.019"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13226069"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13184675"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2019.01.134"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2011.2177501"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2009.5289761"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ELECTROMOTION.2009.5259139"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2013.2291556"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NAPS.2009.5484055"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10005208\/10105947.pdf?arnumber=10105947","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T18:02:37Z","timestamp":1684778557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10105947\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":237,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2023.3268615","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}