{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T20:18:12Z","timestamp":1777061892571,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010028","name":"Institute of Railway Research, University of Huddersfield, and the Rail Safety and Standards Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3272610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T22:07:19Z","timestamp":1683065239000},"page":"44413-44424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["New Avenues for Automated Railway Safety Information Processing in Enterprise Architecture: An NLP Approach"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0903-3883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Wahab","family":"Qurashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, HD1 3DH Huddersfield, U.K"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0687-2817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohaib A.","family":"Farhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (North West), University of Sheffield, BB2 7HP Blackburn, U.K"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9786-4555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, HD1 3DH Huddersfield, U.K. (Deceased)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7017-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anju P.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, HD1 3DH Huddersfield, U.K"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2019.01.005"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"ELECTRA: Pre-training text encoders as discriminators rather than generators","author":"clark","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 10555"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Which encoding is the best for text classification in Chinese, english, Japanese and Korean?","author":"zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv 1708 02657"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SACI51354.2021.9465560"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space","author":"mikolov","year":"2013","journal-title":"arXiv 1301 3781 [cs]"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"word2vec explained: Deriving Mikolov et al.&#x2019;s negative-sampling word-embedding method","author":"goldberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1402 3722"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"1","article-title":"Semantic cosine similarity","volume":"4","author":"rahutomo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 7th Int Student Conf Adv Sci Technol (ICAST)"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","author":"devlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv 1810 04805"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-1031"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-2050"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2021-402"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","author":"ganegedara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Natural language processing with Tensorflow teach language to machines using Python&#x2019;s deep learning library"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: Smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter","author":"sanh","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv 1910 01108"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAICA50127.2020.9182390"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.4415"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.10350"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-1202"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Semi-supervised sequence learning","author":"dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"arXiv 1511 01432"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MicroCom.2016.7522593"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICETAS.2018.8629198"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"207","article-title":"A systematic review on stopword removal algorithms","volume":"4","author":"kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Future Revolution Comput Sci Commun Eng"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICoICT.2017.8074651"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"The AI race is on! Google&#x2019;s bard and OpenAI&#x2019;s ChatGPT head to head: An opinion article","author":"rahaman","year":"2023","journal-title":"The AI Race is on"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SNAMS58071.2022.10062688"},{"key":"ref44","author":"bird","year":"2009","journal-title":"Natural Language Processing with Python Analyzing Text with the Natural Language Toolkit"},{"key":"ref43","author":"vanderplas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Python Data Science Handbook Tools and Techniques for Developers"},{"key":"ref49","author":"briggs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bert for Measuring Text Similarity"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"775","article-title":"Others Corpus-based and knowledge-based measures of text semantic similarity","volume":"6","author":"mihalcea","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc AAAI"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2997946"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDIM.2017.8244649"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SYSOSE.2019.8753828"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:19950197"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"333","article-title":"A journey into railway digitisation","author":"parkinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Stephenson Conf Res Railways"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ic.2010.0195"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"711","article-title":"Semantic checking of different type information sources about permitted speeds in railway transport","volume":"3171","author":"shynkarenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc CEUR Workshop"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-8356-1.ch040"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2016.05.009"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1213\/5\/052016"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-01604-7_13"},{"key":"ref31","author":"lopez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Your Guide to Natural Language Processing (NLP)"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207179.2015.1043582"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/467\/1\/012191"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2019.05.029"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.870207"},{"key":"ref1","author":"bernard","year":"2012","journal-title":"An introduction to Enterprise Architecture"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"204","article-title":"Software for electronic document management system of technical documentation on railway automation and telemechanics","volume":"7","author":"ogli","year":"2021","journal-title":"JournalNX"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14778238.2021.2015261"},{"key":"ref24","year":"2007","journal-title":"Railway Applications-Specification and Demonstration of Reliability Availability Maintainability and Safety (RAMS)"},{"key":"ref23","year":"2020","journal-title":"Railway Applications - The Specification and Demonstration of Reliability"},{"key":"ref26","year":"2018","journal-title":"Railway Applications Communication Signalling and Processing Systems Safety Related Electronic Systems for Signalling"},{"key":"ref25","year":"2020","journal-title":"Railway Applications - Communication Signalling and Processing Systems - Software for Railway Control and Protection Systems"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3194206.3194240"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2011.6026203"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"5999","article-title":"Attention is all you need","volume":"30","author":"vaswani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref28","author":"gokasar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Using Big Data for Analysis and Improvement of Public Transportation Systems in Istanbul"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2495\/CR080031"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.07.323","article-title":"Railway assets: A potential domain for big data analytics","volume":"53","author":"thaduri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Journal of Computer Science"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10005208\/10114393.pdf?arnumber=10114393","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T17:40:59Z","timestamp":1685382059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10114393\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":58,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2023.3272610","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}