{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T08:02:24Z","timestamp":1767772944330,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3292407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T17:17:16Z","timestamp":1688577436000},"page":"68512-68524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Toward Generalizable Facial Presentation Attack Detection Based on the Analysis of Facial Regions"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6470-2966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lazaro Janier","family":"Gonzalez-Soler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Da\/sec—Biometrics and Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4581-5353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Gomez-Barrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hochschule Ansbach, Ansbach, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9159-2923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Da\/sec—Biometrics and Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref13","DOI":"10.1145\/3038924"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluating the sensitivity of face presentation attack detection techniques to images of varying resolutions","author":"gonzalez-soler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Norwegian Inf Secur Conf (NISK)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref12","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2014.2381273"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"kingma","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1412 6980"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref15","DOI":"10.1109\/ACPR.2013.169"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref59","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00534"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref14","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDSP.2013.6622704"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref58","DOI":"10.1109\/SITIS.2018.00088"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref53","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2006.735.739"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref52","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00293"},{"year":"2017","key":"ref11"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Automatic differentiation in PyTorch","author":"paszke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc NIPS-W"},{"year":"2023","author":"gonz\u00e1lez-soler","article-title":"Generalisable presentation attack detection for multiple types of biometric characteristics","key":"ref10"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref54","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2017.77"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2007.05.004"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref16","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23678-5_12"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref19","DOI":"10.1109\/CIHSPS.2004.1360218"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref18","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46654-5_67"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref51","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00474"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref50","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"1755","article-title":"Dlib-ML: A machine learning toolkit","volume":"10","author":"king","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref45","DOI":"10.1109\/FG52635.2021.9667051"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1","article-title":"ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","volume":"25","author":"krizhevsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst (NeurIPS)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref47","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOSIG.2016.7736936"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"187","article-title":"Learning how to recognize faces in heterogeneous environments","author":"pereira","year":"2019"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref41","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2403306"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref44","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3178240"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref43","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.3002390"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref49","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.243"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref8","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOSIG52210.2021.9548317"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref7","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.3026553"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2021.108398"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref4","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2020.0004"},{"year":"2020","journal-title":"Worldline Takes Pay-by-Face System on the Road","key":"ref3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref6","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2019.00203"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref5","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00362"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref40","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3188149"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref35","DOI":"10.1145\/2647868.2654889"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Learn convolutional neural network for face anti-spoofing","author":"yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1408 5601"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref37","DOI":"10.1109\/ACPR.2015.7486482"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref36","DOI":"10.5244\/C.29.41"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref31","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB45273.2019.8987370"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref30","DOI":"10.1049\/bme2.12041"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref33","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3135748"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref32","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB52358.2021.9484333"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref2","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW56347.2022.00164"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref1","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00482"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref39","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW54120.2021.00098"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref38","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR48806.2021.9412123"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the effectiveness of local binary patterns in face anti-spoofing","author":"chingovska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref23","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2957273"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref26","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.40"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2019.102746"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref20","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2406533"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref22","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2012.6199754"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1117\/12.541955","article-title":"Live face detection based on the analysis of Fourier spectra","volume":"5404","author":"li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref28","DOI":"10.23919\/ICIF.2018.8455781"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref27","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2458700"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fisher vector encoding of dense-BSIF features for unknown face presentation attack detection","author":"gonzalez-soler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)"},{"year":"2014","author":"stampler","journal-title":"Here’s What Faces Would Look Like if They Were Perfectly Symmetrical","key":"ref60"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-013-0636-x"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10005208\/10173519.pdf?arnumber=10173519","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T18:31:34Z","timestamp":1691433094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10173519\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":61,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2023.3292407","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2169-3536"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}