{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:54:09Z","timestamp":1773791649671,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Government (Ministry of Science and ICT) through the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2022R1A4A3033401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A4A3033401"]}]},{"name":"Korean Government (Ministry of Science and ICT) through the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2021M1A2A2061357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021M1A2A2061357"]}]},{"name":"Information Technology Research Center (ITRC) Support Program","award":["IITP-2023-2021-0-02046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2023-2021-0-02046"]}]},{"name":"Convergence Security Core Talent Training Business Support Program, Supervised by the Institute for Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation","award":["IITP-2023-RS-2023-00266615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2023-RS-2023-00266615"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3303211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T18:20:34Z","timestamp":1691432434000},"page":"83996-84012","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["5G and Beyond Private Military Communication: Trend, Requirements, Challenges and Enablers"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rojeena","family":"Bajracharya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, M&#x00E4;lardalen University, V&#x00E4;ster&#x00E5;s, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3719-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), V&#x00E4;ster&#x00E5;s, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8572-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Ali","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1901-2784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haejoon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3364-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyundong","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCEA50009.2020.00020"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3159698"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMCIS52405.2021.9486402"},{"key":"ref56","year":"2020","journal-title":"Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Global military communications systems&#x2014;Market and technology forecast to 2029","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2017.8170782"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMCIS.2019.8842782"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3226291"},{"key":"ref53","year":"2020","journal-title":"Study on New Radio (NR) to support non terrestrial networks"},{"key":"ref52","year":"2018","journal-title":"Study on using Satellite Access in 5G"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Commercial technology at the tactical edge","author":"agre","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Defense primer: Military use of the electromagnetic spectrum","author":"hoehn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Library Congr Congressional Res Service"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2012","journal-title":"OECD Communications Outlook 2011"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2023.3235789"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Militarisation of 5G: A necessity for the forces","author":"gopal","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"5","article-title":"The use of 5G in military cloud of things solutions","volume":"21","author":"t\u00f3th","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad Appl Res Mil Public Manag Sci Int J Secur Strategy Defence Stud Mil Technol Public Manag"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2020.04.289"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900333"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.2000493"},{"key":"ref50","year":"2019","journal-title":"Service Requirements for Next Generation New Services and Markets"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3069092"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"187","article-title":"The application research on military Internet of Things","author":"wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc 17th Int Comput Conf Wavelet Act Media Technol Inf Process (ICCWAMTIP)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ffutr.2021.626935"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2911675"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2022.3193073"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2022.03.001"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2022.04.004"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.0003.2200050"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3092039"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"LTE infrastructure for command and control networks","volume":"97124","author":"jensen","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2013.66"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2012","journal-title":"2013 Global R&D Funding Forecast"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"National security implications of fifth generation (5G) mobile technologies","author":"hoehn","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Military communications market by communication type (airborne, air-ground, underwater, ground-based), component (military SATCOM systems, military radio systems, military security systems), application, end-user, and region&#x2014;Global forecast to 2025","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"LTE infrastructure for today&#x2019;s military networks","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref5","author":"khalilzad","year":"1999","journal-title":"Strategic Appraisal The Changing Role of Information in Warfare"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"5G services and use cases","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops49005.2020.9145236"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2020.3044626"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2016.07.007"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOSP.2008.4697718"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02564602.2016.1251344"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3207823"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132875"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1701177"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AEECA49918.2020.9213507"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICACT.2017.7890058"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC46691.2019.8939838"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"18","article-title":"A military mobility model for MANET research","volume":"16","author":"fongen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Parallel Distrib Comput Netw (PDCN)"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"80","article-title":"Detecting impersonation attacks in future wireless and mobile networks","author":"barbeau","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Int Workshop Secure Mobile Ad-Hoc Netw Sensors"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCNS.2018.2838519"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10131549"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.12.009"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/99.503311"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.840210"},{"key":"ref63","year":"2013","journal-title":"Feasibility study on licensed-assisted access to unlicensed spectrum"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.0001.2000082"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Military movement: Risks from 5G networks","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref28","year":"2020","journal-title":"Facilitating shared use in the 3100&#x2013;3550 mhz band"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-8053-6"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOIN50884.2021.9333995"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3016036"},{"key":"ref62","year":"2018","journal-title":"Study on NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.840210"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10005208\/10210549.pdf?arnumber=10210549","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T18:30:51Z","timestamp":1693852251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10210549\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":64,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2023.3303211","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}