{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T15:28:11Z","timestamp":1773761291479,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research University (RU) Grant\u2013Faculty Program","award":["GPF056B-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GPF056B-2020"]}]},{"name":"Research University (RU) Grant\u2013Faculty Program","award":["MG024-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MG024-2022"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau","award":["SKL-AMSV(UM)-2023-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-AMSV(UM)-2023-2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3303809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T17:31:58Z","timestamp":1691602318000},"page":"85237-85258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Design Trends and Perspectives of Digital Low Dropout Voltage Regulators for Low Voltage Mobile Applications: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Li Fang","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3505-6525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harikrishnan","family":"Ramiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Yee-Chyan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Green Engineering and Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Nai Shyan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology &#x0026; Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Chee-Cheow","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology &#x0026; Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2794-1324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3579-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pui-In","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2821-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui P.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2018.2885217"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC.2018.8357021"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"1624","article-title":"A sub-fs- FoM digital LDO using PMOS and NMOS arrays with fully integrated 7.2-pF total capacitance","volume":"55","author":"maeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2019.8702758"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2016.2519446"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2015.2506605"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2018.8351669"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"1","article-title":"A fully-synthesizable 0.6V digital LDO with dual-loop control using digital standard cells","author":"liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 14th IEEE Int New Circuits Syst Conf (NEWCAS)"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2019.2920910"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3128948"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3012467"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"206","article-title":"A 0.7V fully-on-chip pseudo-digital LDO regulator with 6.3?A quiescent current and 100mV dropout voltage in 0.18-?m CMOS","author":"tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc IEEE European Solid-State Circuits Conf (ESSCIRC)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2018.2834899"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2009.2039685"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1587\/elex.19.20220051"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"520","article-title":"A 5 mA 0.6?m CMOS millercompensated LDO regulator with ?27dB worst-case power-supply rejection using 60pF of on-chip capacitance","author":"gupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2014.2333755"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2019.2919665"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8121422"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2021.3127723"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3134874"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESSCIRC53450.2021.9567818"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2011.2166184"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"A 140 GHz 4TX-4RX phased-array FMCW-FSK antenna-packaged radar chipset with 25dBm EIRP and 16GHz BW","author":"ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conf (A-SSCC)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2022.3179678"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESSCIRC55480.2022.9911452"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2021.3070556"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3009601"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2007.902615"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10141668"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2004.842831"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11020193"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2022.3161014"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"86","article-title":"4.7 A O.4 V-VDD 2.25-to-2.75GHz ULV-SS-PLL achieving 236.6fsrms jitter, ?253.8 dB jitter-power FoM, and ?76.1dBc reference spur","author":"zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2022.3229342"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS51556.2021.9401557"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2022.3180351"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10172108"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2020.3040393"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3028856"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2783045"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"0.5-V input digital LDO with 98.7% current efficiency and 2.7-?A quiescent current in 65 nm CMOS","author":"okuma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Custom Integr Circuits Conf"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JRFID.2020.2967862"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2015.2391442"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"A nano-power self-clocked DLDO for RF energy harvesting","author":"konstantopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Wireless Power Transf Conf (WPTC)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2017.2769708"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSSC.2019.2910952"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3217919"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2023.3236309"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESSCIRC53450.2021.9567743"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RFIC.2016.7508271"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2018.2833553"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2019.2949796"},{"key":"ref97","first-page":"1637","article-title":"An analog-proportional digitalintegral multiloop digital LDO with PSR improvement and LCO reduction","volume":"55","author":"huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC53496.2022.9772734"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2014.2353798"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2018.2878822"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSCAS.2019.8885068"},{"key":"ref124","first-page":"109","article-title":"0.5 V-VIN, 165- mA\/mm2 fully-integrated digital LDO based on event-driven selftriggering control","author":"kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Symp VLSI Circuits"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2018.2827949"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2019.2939415"},{"key":"ref125","first-page":"231","article-title":"A fully integrated 700 mA event-driven digital low-dropout regulator with residue-tracking loop for fine-grained power management unit","author":"park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Symp VLSI Circuits"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEMC.2017.2727047"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-020-01715-9"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2019.2944252"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2017.2760345"},{"key":"ref93","first-page":"340","article-title":"20.3 A 100nA-to-2 mA successive-approximation digital LDO with PD compensation and sub- LSB duty control achieving a 15.1ns response time at 0.5V","author":"salem","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2766215"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2019.0505"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2018.2871039"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APCCAS.2016.7803890"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2011.2112531"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/92.845892"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2021.3138648"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2018.2870558"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2016.2534778"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"371","article-title":"On limit cycle oscillations in discretetime digital linear regulators","author":"nasir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf Expo (APEC)"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3137540"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11121841"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"346","article-title":"20.6 A 0.5 V-VIN 1.44 mAclass event-driven digital LDO with a fully integrated 100pF output capacitor","author":"kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2016.7417950"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2825400"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2019.8662298"},{"key":"ref108","first-page":"1","article-title":"Execution framework model for poweraware applications","author":"marcu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Int Congr Ultra Modern Telecommun Control Syst Workshops (ICUMT)"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2019.2950152"},{"key":"ref109","first-page":"1","article-title":"Design and implementation of low-power tablet PCs","author":"bai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Symp Consum Electron"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2020.2984713"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1587\/elex.17.20200297"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"1","article-title":"A sub-1V analog-assisted inverter-based digital low-dropout regulator with a fast response time at 25 mA\/100ps and 99.4% current efficiency","author":"nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Custom Integr Circuits Conf (CICC)"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.2019-0292"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2017.2682862"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2016.2530094"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2019.2930490"},{"key":"ref102","first-page":"244","article-title":"A fully-integrated system power aware LDO for energy harvesting applications","author":"l\u00fcders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Symp VLSI Circuits Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC.2015.7338389"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VLSIC.2012.6243833"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A battery-less crystal-less 49.8?W neural-recording chip featuring two-tone RF power harvesting","author":"chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Custom Integr Circuits Conf (CICC)"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"10","article-title":"A 2m-range 711uW body channel communication transceiver featuring dynamicallysampling bias-free interface front end","author":"gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Asian Solid-State"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCS.2015.7203923"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2751512"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSICT.2012.6467783"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESSCIRC.2019.8902511"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3079406"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.3694305"},{"key":"ref110","first-page":"342","article-title":"20.4 an outputcapacitor- free analog-assisted digital low-dropout regulator with tri-loop control","author":"huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2017.2771942"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2767183"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2709311"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2018.2875828"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9010132"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESSCIRC.2016.7598306"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2006.883204"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2019.2960004"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.173122"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2016.2596708"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"180","article-title":"A 0.6&#x2013;1V input capacitor-less asynchronous digital LDO with fast transient response achieving 9.5b over 500 mA loading range in 65-nm CMOS","author":"yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc ESSCIRC Conf 41st Eur Solid- State Circuits Conf (ESSCIRC)"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2020.2979336"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2013.2237991"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"310","article-title":"A 500 mA analog-assisted digital-LDO-based on-chip distributed power delivery grid with cooperative regulation and IR-drop reduction in 65 nm CMOS","author":"lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2020.2965151"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2020.3009451"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2022.3180774"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2009.2015207","article-title":"Analyses of static and dynamic random offset voltages in dynamic comparators","volume":"56","author":"he","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Reg Papers"},{"key":"ref120","first-page":"234","article-title":"14.7 A modular hybrid LDO with fast load-transient response and programmable PSRR in 14 nm CMOS featuring dynamic clamp tuning and time-constant compensation","author":"liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSSC.2015.2418155"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3057225"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10005208\/10214010.pdf?arnumber=10214010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T18:21:51Z","timestamp":1693851711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10214010\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":126,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2023.3303809","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}