{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T07:15:02Z","timestamp":1766733302739,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012632","name":"Faculty Development Competitive Research Grant (FDCRG) of Nazarbayev University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["021220FD1251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["021220FD1251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3315599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T17:57:19Z","timestamp":1694714239000},"page":"102279-102289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Stacked Ensemble Deep Learning for Outdoor Insulator Surface Condition Classification: A Profound Study on Water Droplets"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6646-644X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arailym","family":"Serikbay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8078-9173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9172-8413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin","family":"Zollanvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2021.107184"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14082116"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EEEIC\/ICPSEurope54979.2022.9854762"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2008.4483462"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2021.107089"},{"journal-title":"Hydrophobicity Classification Guide","first-page":"9","year":"2005","key":"ref53"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Field guide: Visual inspection of polymer insulators","volume":"3","author":"phillips","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-015-1704-z"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2021.009648"},{"year":"2013","key":"ref10"},{"journal-title":"Guidelines for Operation of Insulation in Regions With Atmospheric Pollution","year":"1996","key":"ref54"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPADM.2006.284320"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"820","article-title":"Study of water droplet discharge by electric field computation and high-speed video","volume":"2","author":"zixia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 7th Int Conf Properties Appl Dielectr Mater"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPADM.2000.876346"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.45.234"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3216309"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3296789"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.195"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"10096","article-title":"EfficientNetV2: Smaller models and faster training","author":"tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35476-y"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.243"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.308"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"10691","article-title":"EfficientNet: Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks","author":"tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc 36th Int Conf Mach Learn (ICML)"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"MobileNets: Efficient convolutional neural networks for mobile vision applications","author":"howard","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv 1704 04861"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3292955"},{"journal-title":"Outdoor Insulation in Polluted Conditions Guidelines for Selection and Dimensioning Part 1 General Principles and the AC Case","first-page":"58","year":"2008","key":"ref8"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2002.1024434","article-title":"Measurements of equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) on a suspension insulator","volume":"9","author":"an","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul"},{"year":"2018","key":"ref9","first-page":"1"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2020.106863"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2020.106892"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2005.339594"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"15","volume":"2","author":"al-hamouz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contamination level estimation method for high voltage insulators"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2023.01.014"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/hve.2019.0079"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CATCON52335.2021.9670517"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2021.009617"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEEPE55110.2022.9783390"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11104647"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031207"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2982288"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2185\/1\/012086"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/14.142726"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EEEIC\/ICPSEurope51590.2021.9584624"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(05)80023-1"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSENS.2020.3002991"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2008.4483462"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2002.1115491"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2021.102106"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2013.6508746"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/94.506220"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2012.6215110"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/94.536739"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25103\/jestr.095.21"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies10010017"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17775\/CSEEJPES.2019.00460"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10005208\/10251504.pdf?arnumber=10251504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T18:25:43Z","timestamp":1697480743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10251504\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":56,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2023.3315599","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2169-3536"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}