{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T20:46:34Z","timestamp":1784666794112,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, through the Researchers Supporting Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSPD2023R947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2023R947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3315649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T17:57:19Z","timestamp":1694714239000},"page":"101055-101086","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Toward Design of Internet of Things and Machine Learning-Enabled Frameworks for Analysis and Prediction of Water Quality"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3608-7716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mushtaque Ahmed","family":"Rahu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Fattah","family":"Chandio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3647-8578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khursheed","family":"Aurangzeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1983-0843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarang","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5538-6778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Musaed","family":"Alhussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8093-6690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Shahid","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of AI and Software, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118532"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"4102","article-title":"Review of data preprocessing techniques in data mining","volume":"12","author":"alasadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Eng Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"609","article-title":"Water quality index with missing parameters","volume":"5","author":"srivastava","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Res Eng Technol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12691\/ajwr-1-3-3"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-27072-2_7"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16091466"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"145","article-title":"Irrigation water quality","volume":"12","author":"arshad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Int"},{"key":"ref54","year":"2018","journal-title":"Developing Drinking-Water Quality Regulations Standards"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"372","year":"2015","journal-title":"Store Arduino Arduino"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23167233"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-020-04844-z"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2020.1815860"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40899-015-0014-7"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15567036.2021.1960932"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13174-018-0087-2"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2988293"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/851\/1\/012053"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5086553"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"9148","article-title":"Balancing the tradeoff between cost and reliability for wireless sensor networks: A multiobjective optimized deployment method","volume":"53","author":"chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Speech Technol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10669-022-09862-2"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3210154"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3069266"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22062088"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12637"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2021.3121279"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE57851.2023.10101624"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-019-06407-w"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031352"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petlm.2018.09.003"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.119745"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020960"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-68176-0_13"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3040139"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11161927"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2963250"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-19014-3"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13202-021-01087-4"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2015.05.003"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2022.11.073"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-environ-100809-125342"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32861\/sr.73.32.41"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117666"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24751839.2019.1565653"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.119422"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-23431-9"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3238123"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3015655"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"531","article-title":"H2O caliber: An IoT enabled surface water pollutant assessment system with deep learning","volume":"11","author":"tamilselvi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst Appl Eng"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136615"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3069894"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11131927"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDMA47397.2020.00031"},{"key":"ref96","first-page":"1","article-title":"Data visualization in Internet of Things: Tools, methodologies, and challenges","author":"protopsaltis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc 15th Int Conf Availability Rel Secur"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12061458"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103517"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"135","article-title":"Areviewof artificial intelligence applications to achieve water-related sustainable development goals","author":"mehmood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc IEEE\/ITU Int Conf Artif Intell Good (AI4G)"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3028281"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.11.010"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51920-9_13"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120037"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.109901"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2009.12.023"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2012.08.005"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31812\/123456789\/4451"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04062-5"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808-015-0063-9"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15715124.2016.1256297"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-023-00973-9"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e25081186"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2011.01.017"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6659314"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w11112210"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-31865-1_25"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11941439_114"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-023-3076-y"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15092359"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commatsci.2019.109203"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.115923","article-title":"Robust machine learning algorithms for predicting coastal water quality index","volume":"321","author":"uddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230509993"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"1","article-title":"Xgboost: Extreme gradient boosting","volume":"1","author":"chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"R Package Version"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"45","article-title":"Support vector machine active learning with applications to text classification","volume":"2","author":"tong","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/21.52545"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym10090386"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.07.063"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3208142"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815739-8.00007-9"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physd.2019.132306"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41278-019-00121-x"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2010-006"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2023.2197686"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153311"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecm.1557"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/nr.2016.e1382"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"1793","article-title":"Statistical normalization and back propagation for classification","volume":"3","author":"jayalakshmi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Comput Theory Eng"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-019-7533-x"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"145","article-title":"Correlation coefficient","volume":"9","author":"ganti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Corp Account Finance"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15275922.2020.1836074"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"44","article-title":"Statistics-based data preprocessing methods and machine learning algorithms for big data analysis","volume":"17","author":"rahman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artific Intellig Int J"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1735-8"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10005208\/10251529.pdf?arnumber=10251529","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T19:18:36Z","timestamp":1696879116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10251529\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":99,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2023.3315649","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}