{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T08:48:33Z","timestamp":1775810913726,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004919","name":"Targeted Research Grant Program, National Transformation Program in King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5-18-03-001-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-18-03-001-0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004919","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3337514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T19:24:36Z","timestamp":1701199476000},"page":"135423-135434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Enabling Two-Way Communication of Deaf Using Saudi Sign Language"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7720-0076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Faisal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology (KCST), Kuwait City, Kuwait"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2866-184X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansour","family":"Alsulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9478-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Mekhtiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Bencherif Mohamed","family":"Abdelkader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Algabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Information Systems Department, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Tariq Bin Saleh","family":"Alrayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Education, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9781-3969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghulam","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Mathkour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Wadood","family":"Abdul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Alohali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8174-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muneer","family":"Al-Hammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen, Trondheim, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1780-6388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdi","family":"Altaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0366-5932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taha","family":"Alfakih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Disability","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195310702.001.0001"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199371815.001.0001"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21832\/9781847690159-007"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Deafness and Hearing Loss","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20681-3_30"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Demography Survey","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-5281-2007-087929"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AINAW.2007.98"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2014.03.011"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11310-4_63"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2019.103777"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00141-2"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"497","article-title":"Real-time Arabic Sign Language (ArSL) recognition","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Commun. Inf. Technol.","author":"Albelwi"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2012.0222"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2016.7844785"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMA.2008.4648841"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"14","article-title":"A proposed graph matching technique for Arabic sign language continuous sentences recognition","volume-title":"Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Informat. Syst. (INFOS)","author":"Tolba"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3069714"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21832\/9781853599255-007"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22452\/mjcs.vol33no4.5"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Teachers\u2019 Beliefs About the Use of Fingerspelling in Deaf Education Classrooms in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Case Study","author":"Alawad","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/iasc.2022.022559"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/iasc.2021.017898"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/systems10060241"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124558"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Date fruit dataset for automated harvesting and visual yield estimation","author":"Altaheri","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE DataPort"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272991"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"33","article-title":"Behavior based mobile for mobile robots navigation and obstacle avoidance","volume":"8","author":"Faisal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11370-016-0194-5"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3233671"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3530989"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3210543"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SLT.2014.7078629"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2021.107395"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"GALE Phase 3 Arabic Broadcast News Transcripts\u2014Part 1","author":"Glenn","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/comp-2019-0004"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51935-3_24"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Kaldi Speech Recognition Toolkit","author":"Yang","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Deep speech: Scaling up end-to-end speech recognition","author":"Hannun","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1412.5567"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Wav2letter++: The fastest open-source speech recognition system","author":"Pratap","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1812.07625"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2019.8683713"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Mixed-precision training for NLP and speech recognition with OpenSeq2Seq","author":"Kuchaiev","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1805.10387"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-demos.34"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11591\/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp609-616"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref46","first-page":"13","article-title":"An avatar based translation system from Arabic speech to Arabic sign language for deaf people","volume":"2","author":"Halawani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Sci. Educ."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2016.04.001"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2019.01.066"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"333","article-title":"Arabic WordNet: New content and new applications","volume-title":"Proc. 8th Global WordNet Conf. (GWC)","author":"Regragui"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Alkhalil Morpho Sys1: A morphosyntactic analysis system for Arabic texts","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Arab Conf. Inf. Technol.","author":"Boudlal"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11591\/ijece.v10i5.pp5227-5234"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2023.101642"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"1","article-title":"MediaPipe: A framework for perceiving and processing reality","volume-title":"Proc. 3rd Workshop Comput. Vis. AR\/VR IEEE Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. (CVPR)","author":"Lugaresi"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"FastSpeech 2: Fast and high-quality end-to-end text to speech","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2006.04558"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref55","first-page":"4231","article-title":"KSU rich Arabic speech database","volume":"16","author":"Alsulaiman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Inf."},{"key":"ref56","volume-title":"iClone 4.31 3D Animation Beginner\u2019s Guide","author":"McCallum","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"Marvelous Designer","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3028072"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"794","article-title":"LSA64: An Argentinian sign language dataset","volume-title":"Proc. 33rd Congreso Argentino de Ciencias de la Computaci\u00f3n (CACIC)","author":"Ronchetti"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"1","article-title":"Challenges in development of the American Sign Language Lexicon Video Dataset (ASLLVD) corpus","volume-title":"Proc. 5th Workshop Represent. Process. Sign Lang., Interact. Between Corpus Lexicon","author":"Neidle"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00349"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10005208\/10330906.pdf?arnumber=10330906","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T21:56:28Z","timestamp":1703022988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10330906\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":61,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2023.3337514","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}