{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T18:06:10Z","timestamp":1775325970985,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) CA17115 MyWAVE"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"projects: Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"\u2018CountMe\u2019 funded by the Malta Council for Science and Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3352728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T18:24:04Z","timestamp":1704997444000},"page":"10296-10314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The Complex Permittivity of Biological Tissues: A Practical Measurement Guideline"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1816-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Farrugia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Malta, Msida, Malta"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7787-3139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rue University, Montreal, Canada"}]},{"given":"Raquel C.","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2504-8003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona Di","family":"Meo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4053-8887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela M.","family":"Godinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Bonello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Malta, Msida, Malta"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4766-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mykolas","family":"Ragulskis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keysight Laboratories, Keysight Technologies, Linz, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1503-7397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilja","family":"Ocket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KU Leuven, Division ESAT-TELEMIC, Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D, Endowave Ltd., Galway, Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7624-1113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Cavagnaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6864-3162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azadeh","family":"Peyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.K. Health Security Agency (previously Public Health England), Chilton, Didcot, U.K"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22166115"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03802-x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/MDER.S214152"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/75.808040"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.774131"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-27866-7"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75007-1"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JERM.2020.3049071"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JERM.2021.3097877"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2021-002473"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"European Network for Advancing Electromagnetic Hyperthermic Medical Technologies","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.1980.4314902"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1750906"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","first-page":"25","article-title":"Dielectric properties of tissues and biological materials: A critical review","volume":"17","author":"Foster","year":"1989","journal-title":"Critical Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16070658.1981.11689230"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/11\/001"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/11\/002"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/11\/003"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ada303903"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/8\/013"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/7\/N01"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/8\/2103"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/19\/N339"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/47\/12\/501"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2011.08.007"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/15\/N02"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mmce.21201"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315186580-5"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics8020040"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/39\/12\/004"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15368378.2015.1120221"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/20\/002"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2018.0786"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JERM.2019.2953401"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEI.1984.298769"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1980.11589"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ada253994"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-4191-8"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Guidelines on FAIR Data Management in Horizon 2020","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2016.18"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mmce.21215"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Comparison of coaxial open-ended probe based dielectric measurements on ex-vivo thermally ablated liver tissue","volume-title":"Eur. Conf. Antennas Propag. (EuCAP)","author":"Ruvio"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/22.44150"},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"The Calculation of the Equivalent Circuits of Coaxial-Line Step Discontinuities","author":"Hodgetts","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-h-2.1987.0068"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20164640"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/aa59db"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2003.809626"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2005.847111"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/je00058a001"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.474242"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2360986"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/20\/7\/075106"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/23\/006"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20271"},{"key":"ref56","volume-title":"Technical Support: N5242B PNA-X Microwave Network Analyzer, 900 Hz\/10 MHz to 26.5 GHz","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/aaee40"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/aaad7b"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09205071.2021.1956375"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"A guide to the characterisation of dielectric materials at RF and microwave frequencies","author":"Clarke","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20133756"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mmce.21214"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.21939"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JERM.2021.3052108"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13016"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2018.007346"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/aa74c4"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2017.2672938"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2023.3253812"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMCAS52219.2021.9629087"},{"key":"ref71","volume-title":"Evaluation of Measurement Data\u2014Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/19\/6227"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.1054"},{"key":"ref74","volume-title":"MyWAVE COST Action: Open-Access Repository of Dielectric and Thermal Properties of Biological Tissues","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250030405"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.17142"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2014.004182"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2179-10742019v18i11388"},{"key":"ref79","volume-title":"N1501A Dielectric Probe Kit, Technical Overview","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2016.2519027"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2866703"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2020.2986708"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11020338"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2017.2741026"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEAA52647.2021.9539727"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2008.4649132"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/8\/2309"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/7\/022"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/critrevbiomedeng.2015012486"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/30\/6\/S08"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/10\/001"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4885087"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2016.2631162"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113290"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"254","article-title":"Volume sensing properties of open-ended coaxial probes for dielectric spectroscopy of breast tissue","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., Dig., USNC\/URSI Nat. Radio Sci. Meeting","author":"Popovic"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6649-14-3"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2017.006690"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JERM.2018.2841798"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2018.006912"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transmission-based dielectric probes for surgical applications","volume-title":"Proc. 13th Eur. Conf. Antennas Propag. (EuCAP)","author":"Meaney"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18103484"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP48036.2020.9135778"},{"key":"ref103","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tissue permittivity measurement with concurrent CT imaging: Analysis of heterogeneity effects","volume-title":"Proc. 13th Eur. Conf. Antennas Propag. (EuCAP)","author":"Etoz"},{"key":"ref104","article-title":"Accurate dielectric characterisation of biological tissues in the microwave range using the open-ended coaxial probe technique","author":"La Gioia","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/54\/16\/002"},{"key":"ref106","article-title":"Challenges in four-electrode probe measurement\u2014Data acquisition system and probe hardware for low frequency dielectric spectroscopy","volume-title":"Joint Annu. Meeting Bioelectromagn. Soc. Eur. BioElectromagn. Assoc","author":"Karina"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10380310\/10388312.pdf?arnumber=10388312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T01:51:27Z","timestamp":1706752287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10388312\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":106,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2024.3352728","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}