{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:00:27Z","timestamp":1777896027223,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, through the Researchers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSPD2024R258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2024R258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3400986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T17:35:30Z","timestamp":1715708130000},"page":"75610-75624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Review on Electrical Breakdown of Natural Ester-Based Nanofluids Under Different Voltage Waveforms"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1489-0986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abderrahmane","family":"Beroual","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"École Centrale de Lyon—AMPERE Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5005, Écully, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5924-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Alkuhayli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2460-1850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Metwally","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5907-1706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usama","family":"Khaled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en10040511"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8371560"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mei.2002.1161455"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EEIC.1997.651191"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPS.1999.787238"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/57.981322"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Environmentally acceptable transformer fluids","author":"Lindren","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Insulating fluids: An overview of dielectric fluids used in transformers","author":"Cherry","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDL.2005.1490104"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"MIDEL Selection Guide","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"24","article-title":"Application of vegetable oil-based insulating fluids to hermetically sealed power transformers","volume":"42","author":"Tenbohlen","year":"2008","journal-title":"CIGRE Session"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PCICON.2007.4365795"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Experiences in Service With New Insulating Liquids","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2013.2269532"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Environmental friendly insulating liquids\u2014A challenge for power transformers","volume-title":"Proc. 6th Southern Afr. Regional Conf.","author":"Pukel"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2012.6148518"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2011.5931054"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2013.004073"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2015.7076786"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"393","article-title":"Effect of antioxidants on the performance of vegetable oils as liquid dielectrics","volume":"4","author":"Champa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. (IJEET)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2019.008128"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"4836","article-title":"The use of antioxidants in vegetable oils\u2014A review","volume":"7","author":"Aluyor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotech."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef901172t"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2017.006527"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref25","first-page":"1694","article-title":"Oxidation stability enhancement of natural ester insulation oil: Optimizing the antioxidants mixtures by two-level factorial design","volume":"12","author":"Ghani","year":"2017","journal-title":"ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2019.07.017"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2013.6518959"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2016.7556480"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-009-1435-y"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2018.007219"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2020.008308"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2022.108920"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEI.2013.6585853"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"99","article-title":"Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles","volume":"231","author":"Choi","year":"1995","journal-title":"ASME J. Fluids Eng."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-727X(99)00067-3"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2009.10.004"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-012-0479-8"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"438","article-title":"Investigation on effects of different types of nanoparticles on critical parameters nano-liquid insulation systems","volume":"230","author":"Madawan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Molecular Liquids"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2018.08.014","article-title":"A comparative investigation on effects of nanoparticles on characteristics of natural esters-based nanofluids","volume":"556","author":"Madawan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A, Physicochemical Eng. Aspects"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12121961"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en16093662"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ELINSL.1998.694869"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEIDP.2013.6747090"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEI.2014.6882597"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-smt.2016.0031"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICHVE.2018.8642042"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11020333"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEI.2012.6268441"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11123505"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2018.007759"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ep.1968.0299"},{"key":"ref52","volume-title":"Insulating Materials for Design and Engineering Practice","author":"Clarck","year":"1962"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51257\/a-v1-d2470"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"201","article-title":"Mechanism of oxidation of transformers oils","volume":"47","author":"Prabhashankar","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Inst. Petr."},{"key":"ref55","volume-title":"Transformer Oil Handbook","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63354-4"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Transformer explosion and fire prevention: Live tests on large transformers: Analysis and simulations","volume-title":"Proc. CIGRE Canada Conf. Power Syst., Tech. Bus. Challenges Next Gener. Power Syst.","author":"Perigaud"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref58","first-page":"170","article-title":"Oil-filled transformer explosions","volume":"112","author":"Perigaud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Power Eng.-Barrington then Tulsa"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref59","first-page":"211","article-title":"Power transformer fire and explosion: causes and control","volume":"10","author":"Hoole","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Sci. Press"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/57.35599"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EEIC.1997.651187"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"Informations Silicones Rhodorsil, Rhodorsil Huile 603V50: Emploi Dans Les Transformateurs Immerg\u00e9s","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/14.83699"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"Sp\u00e9cifications Pour Esters Organiques de Synth\u00e8se Neufs \u00e1 Usages \u00e9lectriques","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref65","volume-title":"Esters Organiques de Synth\u00e9se \u00e1 Usages \u00e9lectriques\u2014Guide de Maintenance des Esters Pour Transformateurs Dans Les Mat\u00e9riels","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2012.6311512"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Vegetable oils as substitute for mineral insulating oils in medium-voltage equipment","volume-title":"Proc. CIGRE Conf.","author":"Bertrand"},{"key":"ref68","volume-title":"Compendium of Chemical Terminology","author":"McNaught","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48084\/etasr.3943"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDL.2017.8124694"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICD.2018.8514723"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDL.2019.8796644"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDL.2019.8796788"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/AEIT.2016.7892754"},{"key":"ref75","volume-title":"Dielectric Fluids, Envirotemp FR3 Fluid Storage and Handling Guide","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPADM.2018.8401265"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"Biodegradable insulating fluid from high oleic vegetable oils","volume-title":"Proc. CIGR\u00c9, Symp.","volume":"15","author":"Oommen"},{"key":"ref78","article-title":"BIOTEMP transformer technology for innovative compact substation","volume-title":"Proc. 7th Medit. Conf. Exhib. Power Gener., Transmiss., Distribution Energy Convers. (MedPower)","author":"Hrkac"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"BIOTEMP transformers in the modern substation","volume-title":"International Colloquium Transformer Research and Asset Management","author":"Greggio","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEI.2017.7866674"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2016.7556474"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susmat.2014.06.001"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref83","first-page":"105","article-title":"Caract\u00e9risation physicochimique de lhuile de palmistes pour utilisation dans les transformateurs de distribution","volume":"11","author":"Mengounou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afrique Sci., Revue Internationale des Sciences et Technologie"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2017.01.037"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etep.2345"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/173\/1\/012004"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INDICON.2015.7443438"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2018.02.009"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref89","first-page":"2598","article-title":"A review on utilization of vegetable oils as transformer oil","volume":"8","author":"Pate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol. (IRJET)"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(99)00069-3"},{"key":"ref91","volume-title":"Screw-pressing of Jatropha seeds for fuelling purposes in less developed countries","author":"Beerens","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3844\/ajassp.2009.1390.1395"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-0321(99)00013-1"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref94","first-page":"2597","article-title":"Jatropha: A multipurpose plant with considerable potential for the tropics","volume":"6","author":"Islam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Res. Essays"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2010.09.011"},{"key":"ref96","volume-title":"New vegetable oil\u2014Based jatropa curcas seeds as substitute of mineral oil in high voltage electrical equipment","author":"Setiabudy","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2015.005069"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2893567"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA28243A"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1432\/1\/012025"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14010099"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12091605"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nde.2019.0038"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2020.101148"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsep.2021.100928"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2020.101986"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/612417"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14328917.2020.1721809"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.066"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2015.01.005"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2019.104701"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2915517"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12173259"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5370\/JEET.2017.12.6.2333"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEI.2012.6268441"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3267474"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2013.6451351"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10040603"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3021003"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2021.11.291"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2021.009772"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en16041995"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2021.009445"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/2249-7315.2016.01259.4"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2024.3364108"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19264"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2989356"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2020.08.016"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/sajs.2013\/1274"},{"key":"ref130","volume-title":"Methods for the Determination of the Lightning Impulse Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3003246"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2020.06.025"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13246540"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2020.113901"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3194516"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/icp.2022.0153"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.352796"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10380310\/10530275.pdf?arnumber=10530275","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T17:46:51Z","timestamp":1717436811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10530275\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":137,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2024.3400986","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}