{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T18:31:42Z","timestamp":1779301902170,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, through the Researchers Supporting Project","award":["PNURSP2024R197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2024R197"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3428918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T17:30:44Z","timestamp":1721151044000},"page":"103473-103487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["MediGPT: Exploring Potentials of Conventional and Large Language Models on Medical Data"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0640-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abu Tareq Rony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Noakhali Science &#x0026; Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8442-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shariful Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Noakhali Science &#x0026; Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8607-0386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tipu","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8805-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samah","family":"Alshathri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box, 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7509-2120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walid","family":"El-Shafai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Security Engineering Laboratory, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3498123"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","author":"Devlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1810.04805"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"BART: Denoising sequence-to-sequence pre-training for natural language generation, translation, and comprehension","author":"Lewis","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1910.13461"},{"issue":"140","key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer","volume":"21","author":"Raffel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"GPTs are GPTs: An early look at the labor market impact potential of large language models","author":"Eloundou","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2303.10130"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-022-06198-5"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.109935"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"GPT-4 technical report","volume-title":"arXiv:2303.08774","author":"Achiam","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42492-023-00136-5"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3561-2_14"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1877","article-title":"Language models are few-shot learners","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"33","author":"Brown"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3560815"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.216"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"\u2018I think this is the most disruptive technology\u2019: Exploring sentiments of ChatGPT early adopters using Twitter data","author":"Haque","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2212.05856"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iswa.2024.200399"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-022-01665-y"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-012-1025-z"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3253386"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"A comprehensive survey on pretrained foundation models: A history from BERT to ChatGPT","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2302.09419"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17984"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.newsum-1.1"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Can ChatGPT understand too? A comparative study on ChatGPT and fine-tuned BERT","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2302.10198"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386252"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlp.2024.100068"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"3985","article-title":"Logistic regression","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research","author":"Das","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-024-02076-w"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dajour.2023.100238"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"A sensitivity analysis of (and practitioners\u2019 guide to) convolutional neural networks for sentence classification","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"arXiv:1510.03820"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3422313"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106199"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commatsci.2023.112738"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2023.126708"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10380310\/10599190.pdf?arnumber=10599190","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T06:47:49Z","timestamp":1722926869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10599190\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":32,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2024.3428918","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}