{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:56:57Z","timestamp":1780588617286,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"MINECO\/FEDER.","award":["RTI2018-101248-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-101248-B-I00"]}]},{"name":"Catedra ENIA UAM-VERIDAS","award":["NextGenerationEU PRTR TSI-100927-2023-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NextGenerationEU PRTR TSI-100927-2023-2"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Defensa-UAM-FUAM","award":["BIO-PROCTORING (GNOSS Program)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIO-PROCTORING (GNOSS Program)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HumanCAIC (TED2021-131787B-I00)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HumanCAIC (TED2021-131787B-I00)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3437291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T17:27:34Z","timestamp":1723224454000},"page":"111343-111359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["DeepFace-Attention: Multimodal Face Biometrics for Attention Estimation With Application to e-Learning"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2109-7782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Daza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis F.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6343-5656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Fierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7268-4785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aythami","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9393-3066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Tolosana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0557-1948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Ortega-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01587919.2022.2064824"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Attention and Effort","author":"Kahneman","year":"1973"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2006.869598"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-31321-0_10"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1700000011"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046692"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10919-008-0051-0"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015332606792"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985921.986094"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"edBB: Biometrics and behavior for assessing remote education","volume-title":"Proc. AAAI Workshop Artif. Intell. Educ.","author":"Hernandez-Ortega"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"ALEBk: Feasibility study of attention level estimation via blink detection applied to e-learning","volume-title":"Proc. AAAI Workshop Artif. Intell. Educ.","author":"Daza"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"MATT: Multimodal attention level estimation for e-learning platforms","volume-title":"Proc. AAAI Workshop Artif. Intell. Educ.","author":"Daza"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i10.7220"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13640-017-0228-8"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2017.12.003"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2024.04.011"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3395035.3425257"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology E-Book","author":"Hall","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940904000305"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1631111.1631118"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2017.1341938"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2030092.2030099"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1864349.1864395"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC48688.2020.00031"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2769493.2769506"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203629"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1126-0"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2019.1710852"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Translating head motion into attention-towards processing of students body-language","volume-title":"Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Educ. Data Mining","author":"Raca"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SIIE63180.2024.10604582"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2014.02.007"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC57700.2023.00241"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2016.2515084"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Facial features for affective state detection in learning environments","volume-title":"Proc. Annu. Meeting Cognit. Sci. Soc.","author":"McDaniel"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Automatically recognizing facial expression: Predicting engagement and frustration","volume-title":"Proc. Educ. Data Mining","author":"Grafsgaard"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02771-0_6"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174226"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1979.49.2.591"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1972.31.1.119"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Real-time eye blink detection using facial landmarks","volume-title":"Proc. Comput. Vis. Winter Workshop","author":"Soukupov\u00e0"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-019-09514-z"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2018.00019"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2017.12.005"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-015-3058-7"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2012.08.028"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2023.3324497"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2023.3284671"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-010-0182-0"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v37i13.27066"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02574-7_17"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.03.020"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2022.3206208"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00525"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.596"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00047"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2016.01.002"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2005.848181"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281248"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00172"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05511-4"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"7","article-title":"Estimating face orientation from robust detection of salient facial structures","volume-title":"Proc. FG Net Workshop Vis. Observ. Deictic Gestures","author":"Gourier"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2011.6130513"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11527923_54"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWBF.2015.7110241"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00669"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00583"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01216-8_22"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC48688.2020.00-53"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"A reproducible study on remote heart rate measurement","author":"Heusch","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1709.00962"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.09.012"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31828f09a7"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTO.S142718"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SIIE63180.2024.10604520"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2626718"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2016.7791180"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3345452"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10380310\/10633208.pdf?arnumber=10633208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T05:51:46Z","timestamp":1724133106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10633208\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":76,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2024.3437291","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}