{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T11:51:10Z","timestamp":1777117870430,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European University of Atlantic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3461798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T18:06:33Z","timestamp":1726509993000},"page":"138086-138120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A Review of Approaches for Rapid Data Clustering: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"family":"Mahnoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7912-2101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran","family":"Shafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Mahnoor","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Caro Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4011-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Silva Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3134-7720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"de la Torre Diez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Signal Theory, Communications and Telematics Engineering, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1990-6924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md","family":"Abdus Samad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8271-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2988796"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2022.10.020"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"68","article-title":"Adding result diversification to KNN-based joins in a map-reduce framework","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Database Expert Syst. Appl.","author":"Souza"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-017-2046-2"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Data Classification: Algorithms and Applications","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2015.2477825"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IITSI.2010.74"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-36795-8_9"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2008.02.014"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3421478"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21903-5"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2016.03.008"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COASE.2009.5234127"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2024.120259"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-007-0114-2"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSIT.2016.7549464"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAIE.2016.7575039"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5120\/ijca2017912719"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2014.01.015"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-023-02002-5"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2180912.2180915"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-0450-1"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2004.840099"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2010.2040763"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.70.066111"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2005.863371"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.10.077"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40745-017-0119-y"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2670(93)80130-D"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASONAM.2010.55"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2012.6256453"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2014.6900295"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWQoS.2018.8624168"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2017.7952605"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3083969"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13040596"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.53"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00357-020-09377-y"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-022-10366-3"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIST.2016.7483441"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRCICN.2015.7434228"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2011.163"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.01.015"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1247480.1247602"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISIP.2004.1287631"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSSSM.2005.1500146"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSSSM.2007.4280175"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IADCC.2009.4809235"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2024.111685"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3208418"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.111217"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2022.12.002"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/304181.304187"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/STC-CSIT.2019.8929869"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2022.3216366"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5120\/14937-3507"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-020-09918-2"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-20245-2_4"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.1587"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-021-09673-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.21917\/ijsc.2015.0151","article-title":"MBA-LF: A new data clustering method using modified bat algorithm and levy flight","volume":"6","author":"Jensi","year":"2015","journal-title":"ICTACT J. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(99)00137-5"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.07.123"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2011.06.003"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2009.12.025"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2004.12.004"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15101818"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2018.8477806"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11839088_31"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.08.035"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69710-9_15"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2016.2530724"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DEXA.2007.65"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEA.2016.7604009"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2001.934284"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SIS.2005.1501621"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2010.2054080"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSI.2013.055801"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2019.105763"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.08.018"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09639-2"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCIE.2009.5223810"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2007.909595"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2011.05.010"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02319-4_21"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2021.3117442"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2853165"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2024.3382033"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.09.054"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2024.3369716"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2015.12.001"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2010.12.015"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.06.076"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40313-016-0242-6"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2023.07.027"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIBCB48159.2020.9277719"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91086-4_10"},{"key":"ref98","first-page":"1","article-title":"Information retrieval: Theory and practice","volume-title":"Proc. Joint IBM\/University Newcastle upon Tyne Seminar Data Base Syst.","volume":"79","author":"Van Rijsbergen"},{"key":"ref99","volume-title":"Pattern Classification","author":"Hart","year":"2000"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref100","first-page":"241","article-title":"NIVA: A robust cluster validity","volume-title":"Proc. WSEAS Int. Conf.","author":"Rend\u00f3n"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CESYS.2018.8724114"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCIMA.2007.328"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-3311-2_24"},{"key":"ref104","first-page":"53","article-title":"A comparison between the silhouette index and the Davies\u2013Bouldin index in labelling ids clusters","volume-title":"Proc. 11th Nordic Workshop Secure IT Syst.","author":"Petrovic"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.04.055"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2012.11.004"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5260\/chara.14.1.16"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.07.004"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.79"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2010.08.007"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLC.2012.6359011"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02478-8_56"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNISC.2018.00048"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2010.04.021"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.07.026"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-140647"},{"key":"ref117","first-page":"1","article-title":"Refining color scheme generation: Iterative K-means clustering and ARI evaluation","author":"Yadav","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Informat. Electr. Electron. Eng."},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-7403-6_9"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICN.2010.80"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCIC.2010.5705890"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2024.3371944"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iThings-GreenCom-CPSCom-SmartData.2017.163"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2882478"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bby090"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b10331"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2017.8056956"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2496(75)90028-0"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2007.00471.x"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRITO56286.2022.9965147"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1089551.1089610"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2010.11.002"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.84"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/931258"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2018.11.012"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20177"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/ssa.2012.6.3.293"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10380310\/10681061.pdf?arnumber=10681061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T03:51:31Z","timestamp":1743220291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10681061\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":136,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2024.3461798","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}