{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T12:51:55Z","timestamp":1783687915926,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSAU\/2024\/R\/1445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2024\/R\/1445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3504258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T19:16:23Z","timestamp":1732216583000},"page":"178345-178361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhancing Immoral Post Detection on Social Networks Using Knowledge Graph and Attention-Based BiLSTM Framework"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8557-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bibi","family":"Saqia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8495-3823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khairullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3569-9926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atta","family":"Ur Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riphah Institute of Systems Engineering (RISE), Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Ullah Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6842-1300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alkhowaiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5694-0419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wahab","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.742"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2018.06.009"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47065\/bits.v3i4.1435"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app112411684"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6825228"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SocialCom-PASSAT.2012.55"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"672","article-title":"Detection and fine-grained classification of cyberbullying events","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Recent Adv. Natural Lang. Process.","author":"Van Hee"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052591"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Investigating deep learning approaches for hate speech detection in social media","author":"Kapil","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2005.14690"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2022.103009"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2022.01.008"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3735851"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2022.06.020"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-5104"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3334278"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Harmful behaviour online: An investigation of harmful and immoral behaviour online in The Netherlands","author":"van Huijstee","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3599696.3612895"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3610080"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S15-2117"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.394"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2024.108159"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12785\/ijcds\/130177"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Detecting offensive language on social networks: An end-to-end detection method based on graph attention networks","author":"Miao","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2203.02123"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-023-02506-5"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3347591"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00977-y"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"187","article-title":"IIITT@ DravidianLangTech-EACL2021: Transfer learning for offensive language detection in Dravidian languages","volume-title":"Proc. 1st Workshop Speech Lang. Technol. Dravidian Lang.","author":"Yasaswini"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2872427.2883062"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.08.169"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2892852"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-3504"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-1101"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.10.019"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2901790.2901873"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3524458.3547259"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OCTA49274.2020.9151853"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11182844"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5121\/csit.2018.80604"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1163"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2963630"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"354","article-title":"Overview of GermEval task 2, 2019 shared task on the identification of offensive language","author":"Stru\u00df","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"HS-BAN: A benchmark dataset of social media comments for hate speech detection in Bangla","author":"Romim","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2112.01902"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Benchmarking aggression identification in social media","volume-title":"Proc. 1st Workshop Trolling, Aggression Cyberbullying (TRAC)","author":"Kumar"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-39442-4_45"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2022.101404"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-3005"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-020-01761-w"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.nlp4pi-1.4"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info13110526"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00607-019-00768-7"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11880-2"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2020.106386"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app112311255"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10380310\/10759662.pdf?arnumber=10759662","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T02:06:23Z","timestamp":1733882783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10759662\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":53,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2024.3504258","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}