{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:40:25Z","timestamp":1773247225488,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Emerging Intelligent Autonomous Systems (EIAS) Data Science Laboratory, Prince Sultan University, Saudi Arabia"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012639","name":"Prince Sultan University for the Article Processing Charges","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012639","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3520659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T19:24:31Z","timestamp":1734981871000},"page":"196786-196802","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Federated Learning for Sarcasm Detection: A Study of Attention-Enhanced BILSTM, GRU, and LSTM Architectures"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Abdul","family":"Sami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing and Technology, Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fazila","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing and Technology, Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4031-3920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qazi Waqas","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7119-5771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadeem","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing and Technology, Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Laboratory, CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Elaffendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Laboratory, CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Information Sciences (CCIS), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info13080399"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACITE51222.2021.9404585"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.116398"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.09.124"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-019-09791-8"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2021.3125282"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2021.3124599"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.10.007"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Federated learning: Opportunities and challenges","author":"Mammen","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2101.05428"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.106775"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3013541"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2024.05.046"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302539"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2024.3378159"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2963630"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aiopen.2023.01.001"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-022-04312-x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05102-3"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.figlang-1.36"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.20"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.acl-long.124"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-12930-z"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.124"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math10050844"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2023.102085"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2023.110475"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.124828"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-3089-8_37"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20144048"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.55"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3570361.3592505"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"A secure and efficient federated learning framework for NLP","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2201.11934"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.310"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2023.3324453"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2023.3246795"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2023.3319374"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP48485.2024.10445933"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"FedBot: Enhancing privacy in chatbots with federated learning","author":"Ait-Mlouk","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2304.03228"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2024.109220"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3284976"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cim2.12107"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-022-07366-3"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2024.05.038"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2988550"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3097141"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2023.102028"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3151193"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21020600"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2021.3083263"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3128559"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3354942"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCECE53908.2022.9793213"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-7513-4_42"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CONIT59222.2023.10205839"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13095586"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.04.100"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10380310\/10810407.pdf?arnumber=10810407","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T06:34:01Z","timestamp":1735626841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10810407\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":56,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2024.3520659","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}