{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T07:19:01Z","timestamp":1777965541119,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Researchers Supporting Project number","award":["RSP2024R476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R476"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3521938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,25]],"date-time":"2024-12-25T19:34:01Z","timestamp":1735155241000},"page":"197151-197167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["C19-MLE: A Multi-Layer Ensemble Deep Learning Approach for COVID-19 Detection Using Cough Sounds and X-Ray Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shabir","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4304-4199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gehad Abdullah","family":"Amran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9750-3883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amerah","family":"Alabrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lubna","family":"Alkhalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1360-8640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali A.","family":"Al-Bakhrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Software Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.03.005"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18683\/germs.2020.1208"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.012"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11083495"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11146526"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.116562"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51846\/vol5iss3pp44-50"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118119"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51846\/vol5iss3pp38-43"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCEAI52939.2021.00054"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2020.110495"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3016780"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"168","article-title":"COVID-19 prediction and detection using deep learning","volume":"12","author":"Alazab","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Inf. Syst. Ind. Manage. Appl."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2021.564906"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pupt.2002.0341"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/aimsec.2011.6009945"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WICT.2012.6409160"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2022.101926"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21533"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Detecting COVID-19 from breathing and coughing sounds using deep neural networks","volume-title":"arXiv:2012.14553","author":"Schuller","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394486.3412865"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.105020"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.103175"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.105405"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104765"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/FRUCT52173.2021.9435454"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2021-1031"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SoutheastCon45413.2021.9401826"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCCI49893.2020.9256562"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242535"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.12749"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"CheXNet: Radiologist-level pneumonia detection on chest X-rays with deep learning","volume-title":"arXiv:1711.05225","author":"Rajpurkar","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12530-021-09385-2"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9781\/ijimai.2020.04.003"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.104181"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/aujv.2020.106722"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.04.010"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-020-02055-x"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-020-01886-y"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"231","article-title":"TorchXRayVision: A library of chest X-ray datasets and models","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Med. Imag. Deep Learn.","author":"Cohen"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-021-00937-4"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Virufy: Global applicability of crowdsourced and clinical datasets for AI detection of COVID-19 from cough","volume-title":"arXiv:2011.13320","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2020-2768"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IndianCMIT.2013.6529406"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-76639-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref46","article-title":"RePoint-net detection and 3DSqU\u00b2 net segmentation for automatic identification of pulmonary nodules in computed tomography images","volume":"12","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomechanics Biomed. Engineering: Imag. Visualizat."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-17502-3"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51846\/vol5iss1pp68-77"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSCDS53736.2022.9760995"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSESS.2016.7883026"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICICT54557.2022.9917585"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9176033"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSCCC51823.2021.9478101"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-024-11309-7"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.22812"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112736"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref57","first-page":"265","article-title":"Compare the classification performances of convolutional neural networks and capsule networks on the coswara dataset","volume":"14","author":"Muhammad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dicle \u00dcniversitesi M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi M\u00fchendislik Dergisi"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108391"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107522"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10380310\/10813173.pdf?arnumber=10813173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T06:21:33Z","timestamp":1735626093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10813173\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":59,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2024.3521938","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}