{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:57:12Z","timestamp":1778255832623,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vice-Rectorate for Research, Creation, and Innovation (VINCI) of the Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso (PUCV), Chile","award":["VINCI 039.470\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VINCI 039.470\/2024"]}]},{"name":"Vice-Rectorate for Research, Creation, and Innovation (VINCI) of the Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso (PUCV), Chile","award":["039.493\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["039.493\/2024"]}]},{"name":"National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) of the Chilean Government through Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico","award":["1200525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1200525"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Funds through the Centre of Mathematics (CMAT)\u2014Research Centre of Mathematics of University of Minho, Portugal","award":["UIDB\/00013\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00013\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Funds through the Centre of Mathematics (CMAT)\u2014Research Centre of Mathematics of University of Minho, Portugal","award":["UIDP\/00013\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00013\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3529025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T20:04:15Z","timestamp":1736798655000},"page":"22055-22073","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Real-Time Intelligent System Based on Machine-Learning Methods for Improving Communication in Sign Language"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4755-3270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Leiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Zia Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4906-6495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Azeem","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9897-8186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Mathematics, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0985-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Management, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4391-9821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Tanveer","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.36.6.2457"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iswa.2021.200056"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12030442"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e23040485"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-022-02307-x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11102604"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math10060890"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.116143"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21186319"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01430"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00485-z"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9054631"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00380"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994018","article-title":"Support-vector networks","volume":"20","author":"Cortes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.09.013"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-10688-4"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-019-09384-2"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33166\/AETiC.2020.04.003"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3991\/ijoe.v16i05.13087"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09700-0"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2020.3019769"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.12.006"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-018-1121-3"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13640-021-00553-7"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC53992.2023.10394501"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/comp-2022-0240"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-021-01457-9"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3332250"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3210543"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2021007"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2023652"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2023.3253906"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-56689-0_9"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-5281-6_61"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Quantitative survey of the state of the art in sign language recognition","author":"Koller","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2008.09918"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120125"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3219430"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108403"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5120\/ijca2020920245"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16168658.2019.1611030"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.7653"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.991427"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00116251"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2022.104174"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.01.005"},{"key":"ref46","year":"2024","journal-title":"Raspberry Pi 3 Model B"},{"key":"ref47","year":"2024","journal-title":"MPU-6050 Six-axis (gyro+accelerometer) MEMS Motion Tracking Device"},{"issue":"8606","key":"ref48","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spectra Symbol Flex Sensor 4.5"},{"issue":"8636","key":"ref49","year":"2024","journal-title":"MCP3008-8-channel 10-bit ADC With SPI Interface"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3161440"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2070481.2070532"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3457692"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-017-0475-7"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/10839384.pdf?arnumber=10839384","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T06:04:13Z","timestamp":1738821853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10839384\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":53,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3529025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}