{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:30:51Z","timestamp":1764937851062,"version":"3.40.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University and Researchers Supporting","award":["PNURSP2025R346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R346"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3532611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T18:57:45Z","timestamp":1737572265000},"page":"21853-21869","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["UEF-HOCUrdu: Unified Embeddings Ensemble Framework for Hate and Offensive Text Classification in Urdu"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0801-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kifayat","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8977-9457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6733-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Usman Ghani","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science, UET Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0312-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faten S.","family":"Alamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3817-2655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amjad Rehman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Intelligence &#x0026; Data Analytics Laboratory (AIDA), CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2023.3294715"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v18i1.31445"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42001-023-00224-9"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc7010045"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Analysis and detection of multilingual hate speech using transformer based deep learning","author":"Das","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2401.11021"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3654522.3654562"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-023-09642-7"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3087827"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACS60934.2024.10473250"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1169"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09381-9"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-023-09169-6"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23083909"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math11040969"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3432908"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2024.047466"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","first-page":"5079","article-title":"Framework of hate speech identification for formal and informal text using lexical approach","volume":"12","author":"Saleem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kurdish Stud."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123174"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1963"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2023.103270"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3444188"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/math.2024616"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290915"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3528576"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-024-01355-1"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3568673"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-024-01223-y"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3674970"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-024-00956-z"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3430848"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"205","article-title":"Detecting hate speech in Turkish print media: A corpus and a hybrid approach with target-oriented linguistic knowledge","volume-title":"Proc. 7th Workshop Challenges Appl. Automated Extraction Socio-Political Events Text (CASE)","author":"Uludogan"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UBMK59864.2023.10286663"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18647"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-42883-8_7"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-021-00608-2"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/engproc2024076079"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/computers13100264"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245264"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/10849516.pdf?arnumber=10849516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T05:20:41Z","timestamp":1742361641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10849516\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3532611","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2169-3536"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}