{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:13:51Z","timestamp":1787012031393,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3542491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T13:32:06Z","timestamp":1739539926000},"page":"32341-32356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Improving Low-Resource Kazakh-English and Turkish-English Neural Machine Translation Using Transfer Learning and Part of Speech Tags"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2149-142X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilge Ka\u011fan","family":"Yazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1585-0991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erdal","family":"Kili\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Machine Translation of Languages","author":"Weaver","year":"1955"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1273073.1273166"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1137","article-title":"A neural probabilistic language model","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Bengio"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D13-1176"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1179"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1025"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Google\u2019s neural machine translation system: Bridging the gap between human and machine translation","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1609.08144"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3567592"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3336019"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate","author":"Bahdanau","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1409.0473"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"A survey on recent approaches for natural language processing in low-resource scenarios","author":"Hedderich","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2010.12309"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/629"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"282","article-title":"An empirical study of language relatedness for transfer learning in neural machine translation","volume-title":"Proc. 31st Pacific Asia Conf. Lang., Inf. Comput.","author":"Dabre"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1163"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-022-00652-w"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app8122502"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2902270"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10375"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-5308"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-5313"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-5326"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Evaluating multiway multilingual NMT in the turkic languages","author":"Mirzakhalov","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2109.06262"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/TST.2020.9010029"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/201925203006"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-5343"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"The effectiveness of morphology-aware segmentation in low-resource neural machine translation","author":"S\u00e4lev\u00e4","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2103.11189"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1224"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","first-page":"91","article-title":"Improving neural machine translation with POS tags","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ICIC Exp. Lett., B, Appl."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi12060096"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-020-05328-2"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Improving English to sinhala neural machine translation using part-of-speech tag","author":"Perera","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2202.08882"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12163401"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-023-02309-8"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3571073"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Understanding the effects of word-level linguistic annotations in under-resourced neural machine translation","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Cartagena","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2401.16078"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","author":"Devlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1810.04805"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1907.11692"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-022-00561-y"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Zemberek, an open source NLP framework for Turkic languages","volume":"10","author":"Akin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1351324919000469"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073135"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"65","article-title":"METEOR: An automatic metric for MT evaluation with improved correlation with human judgments","volume-title":"Proc. ACL Workshop Intrinsic Extrinsic Eval. Measures Mach. Transl. Summarization","author":"Banerjee"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/10890989.pdf?arnumber=10890989","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:52:40Z","timestamp":1740185560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10890989\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":43,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3542491","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}