{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:21:43Z","timestamp":1784550103589,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU)- Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI) Academy of Industrial Technology","award":["JSF10120220098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSF10120220098"]}]},{"name":"XJTLU\u2019s Research Development Fund","award":["RDF-23-01-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDF-23-01-015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3544661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T18:41:32Z","timestamp":1740422492000},"page":"37690-37702","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["AlexCapsNet: An Integrated Architecture for Image Classification With Background Noise"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5615-8638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muyi","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0990-6381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanlin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9108-9458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_00990"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3065386"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"Simonyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1409.1556"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"The history began from AlexNet: A comprehensive survey on deep learning approaches","author":"Alom","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1803.01164"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2982782"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"2377","article-title":"Training very deep networks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Srivastava"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-019-0197-0"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"MobileNets: Efficient convolutional neural networks for mobile vision applications","author":"Howard","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1704.04861"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.07.152"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2017.0-136"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2015.58"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"3856","article-title":"Dynamic routing between capsules","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Sabour"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21735-7_6"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/make5030047"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"The MNIST Database of Handwritten Digits","author":"LeCun","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images","author":"Krizhevsky","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-022-10806-9"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2019.09.014"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.634"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2018.2873892"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3441110.3441148"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2019.8852020"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2019.8851924"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68453-w"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA50499.2020.9316525"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA52953.2021.00280"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/a16070336"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70916-z"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.105303"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11050494"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00934-2_82"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2019.0312"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Fashion-MNIST: A novel image dataset for benchmarking machine learning algorithms","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1708.07747"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2118\/18761-MS"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10599-4_29"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICVGIP.2008.47"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Generalized capsule networks with trainable routing procedure","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1808.08692"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2924548"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00577"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93977-0"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"2048","article-title":"Matrix capsules with EM routing","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent.","author":"Hinton"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW54120.2021.00035"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"5814","article-title":"CapProNet: Deep feature learning via orthogonal projections onto capsule subspaces","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10590-1_53"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126474"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2019.2915661"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/10900363.pdf?arnumber=10900363","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T06:16:53Z","timestamp":1741241813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10900363\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3544661","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}