{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T16:20:23Z","timestamp":1784996423700,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Group at the Universidad Internacional del Ecuador"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3553110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T19:23:42Z","timestamp":1742585022000},"page":"59687-59703","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Predictive Modeling for Fetal Health: A Comparative Study of PCA, LDA, and KPCA for Dimensionality Reduction"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4838-1538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariana Deyaneira","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Narv\u00e1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Deep Learning for Autonomous Driving, Robotics, and Computer Vision Research Group (DeepARC Research), Yachay Tech University, Urcuqui, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8729-5363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor David Casa","family":"Vaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Deep Learning for Autonomous Driving, Robotics, and Computer Vision Research Group (DeepARC Research), Yachay Tech University, Urcuqui, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0802-0858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan Javier","family":"Loor-Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Deep Learning for Autonomous Driving, Robotics, and Computer Vision Research Group (DeepARC Research), Yachay Tech University, Urcuqui, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2402-910X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isidro Rafael Amaro","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Deep Learning for Autonomous Driving, Robotics, and Computer Vision Research Group (DeepARC Research), Yachay Tech University, Urcuqui, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2731-5531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n Galo","family":"Reyes-Chac\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences, School of Computer Science, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9575-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Vizca\u00edno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences, School of Computer Science, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4705-7923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Eugenio","family":"Morocho-Cayamcela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Deep Learning for Autonomous Driving, Robotics, and Computer Vision Research Group (DeepARC Research), Yachay Tech University, Urcuqui, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Cardiotocography and its use in fetal health surveillance","volume":"117","author":"Homer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brit. J. Obstetrics Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icsmc.2012.6377735"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","first-page":"150","article-title":"Cardiotocography in modern obstetrics: Its importance in fetal monitoring","volume":"3","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstetrician Gynaecologist"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","first-page":"135","article-title":"Machine learning in healthcare: Predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Greco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Informat."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0111194"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00129-017-4114-3"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jcc.2014.29005"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in fetal monitoring and CTG analysis: A review","volume":"39","author":"Chavez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Obstetrics Gynaecol."},{"issue":"8","key":"ref9","first-page":"1035","article-title":"Machine learning applications in predicting preterm labor and fetal distress","volume":"37","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Obstetrics Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning","author":"Bishop","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30564\/jcsr.v6i1.6242"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61453\/jods.v2024no17"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145103"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30812\/matrik.v23i2.3788"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"Data Reduction Using Principal Component Analysis: Theoretical Underpinnings and Practical Applications in Public Health","author":"Yoseph","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1982"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17217894"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IISEC56263.2022.9998312"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11668-021-01260-1"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3364755"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aa5fca"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Principal component analysis in feature selection for fetal health classification","volume":"10","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"5432","article-title":"Dimensionality reduction with PCA for machine learning models in healthcare","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Linear discriminant analysis for fetal health classification in cardiotocographic data","volume":"2023","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Healthcare Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","first-page":"341","article-title":"An analysis of linear discriminant techniques in predicting fetal outcomes","volume":"68","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"151","article-title":"Kernel PCA for nonlinear feature extraction in fetal health data","volume":"2","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"ref27","first-page":"2153","article-title":"Enhanced fetal health classification using kernel PCA and machine learning","volume":"12","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mach. Learn. Cybern."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref28","first-page":"34","article-title":"Applying PCA for feature extraction in medical datasets: A review of approaches and applications","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Data Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","first-page":"112","article-title":"Using linear discriminant analysis to improve classifier performance in medical datasets","volume":"17","author":"Liberda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Informat."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref30","first-page":"45","article-title":"LDA-based dimensionality reduction for healthcare data classification","volume":"16","author":"Samson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Med. Informat."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref31","first-page":"233","article-title":"Kernel principal component analysis in healthcare diagnostics: Applications and challenges","volume":"8","author":"Abdul","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Healthcare Appl."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","first-page":"80","article-title":"KPCA for medical data classification: A review and case study","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","first-page":"10","article-title":"Enhancements in kernel principal component analysis for large scale healthcare datasets","volume":"27","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthcare Informat. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref34","first-page":"75","article-title":"Addressing class imbalance in healthcare data with SMOTE","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Data Sci. Healthcare"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/10934988.pdf?arnumber=10934988","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T18:02:20Z","timestamp":1746813740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10934988\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3553110","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}