{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T06:33:33Z","timestamp":1771914813109,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24-HL148865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24-HL148865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3556713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T21:58:37Z","timestamp":1743544717000},"page":"57780-57797","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Multimodal Ensemble Fusion Deep Learning Using Histopathological Images and Clinical Data for Glioma Subtype Classification"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Shirae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3448-0535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shyam Sundar","family":"Debsarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6601-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroharu","family":"Kawanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Aronow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children&#x2019;s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7163-7453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. B. Surya","family":"Prasath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children&#x2019;s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/wo.2014.47136"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.17"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1545-1"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13534-018-0077-0"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44303-024-00020-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","first-page":"3","article-title":"Glioblastoma multiforme: A review of its epidemiology and pathogenesis through clinical presentation and treatment","volume":"18","author":"Hanif","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pacific J. Cancer Prevention"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.a5667"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-019-03376-9"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa163"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2024.108902"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30154-8"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-019-09366-4"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2021.101861"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.1439"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-024-10563-x"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00096-8"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21103500"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2021.12.028"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12030578"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01981-2"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3084827"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"An image is worth 16\u00d716 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale","author":"Dosovitskiy","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2010.11929"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/FAIA241423"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.101"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1967-3"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.243"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"Simonyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1409.1556"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01548"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"12633","article-title":"Global context vision transformers","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Hatamizadeh"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01170"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"3965","article-title":"CoAtNet: Marrying convolution and attention for all data sizes","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Dai"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"BEiT v2: Masked image modeling with vector-quantized visual tokenizers","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2208.06366"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"10096","article-title":"EfficientNetV2: Smaller models and faster training","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Tan"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00140"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.634"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00041"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"10347","article-title":"Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attention","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Touvron"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Separable self-attention for mobile vision transformers","author":"Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2206.02680"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5254.708428"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0042519"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1","article-title":"LightGBM: A highly efficient gradient boosting decision tree","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Ke"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29172\/7c2a6982-6d72-4cd8-bba6-2fccb06a7011"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00190-X"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-022-10283-5"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2021.101870"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HealthCom.2015.7454574"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEV.2017.8338558"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2023.102238"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2024.102337"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/10946995.pdf?arnumber=10946995","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T07:14:04Z","timestamp":1744096444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10946995\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":51,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3556713","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}