{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T17:56:40Z","timestamp":1775325400364,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) and Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3556905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T21:58:37Z","timestamp":1743544717000},"page":"59130-59145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pre-Assembly Core Loss Measurement of Electric Motor Cores: A Review of Conventional and Advanced Technologies"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9146-1593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudesh V.","family":"Pathirannahalage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster Automotive Resource Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukasz","family":"Mierczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brockhaus Measurements, Cze&#x0328;stochowa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5103-0072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berker","family":"Bilgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster Automotive Resource Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3390\/en13030535","article-title":"Magnetic field characteristics and stator core losses of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors","volume":"13","author":"Tao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2020.08.014","article-title":"A review on methods of finding losses and cooling methods to increase efficiency of electric machines","volume":"12","author":"Gundabattini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.3390\/en10121962","article-title":"A review of design optimization methods for electrical machines","volume":"10","author":"Lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mias.2010.939431"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(02)00856-9"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2006.872941"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INTMAG.2005.1463791"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2013.6699556"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0005248"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"51","article-title":"Electrical steel sheet for traction motor of hybrid\/electric vehicles","author":"Yabumoto","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Process analysis power loss at different production stages","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Electr. Eng. Workshop","author":"Mierczak"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"23","article-title":"Influence of interlocking on magnetic properties of stacked core","author":"Senda","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EDPC.2016.7851332"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2013.2285243"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/mst.1995.11.5.482"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMDC.2011.5994642"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00202-019-00827-4"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6818","DOI":"10.3390\/s20236818","article-title":"Analysis of electric motor magnetic core loss under axial mechanical stress","volume":"20","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(00)00077-9"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2016.2527361"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EDPC.2011.6085544"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2020.2999528"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Influence of cutting process on magnetic properties of electrical steel","author":"Salvador","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2017.2698400"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2019.8926876"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISFEE.2014.7050611"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/07IAS.2007.21"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Iron losses in electrical machines-influence of material properties, manufacturing processes, and inverter operation","author":"Krings","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2547368"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE.2016.7855220"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5370\/JEET.2017.12.1.126"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2013.2270972"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2015.11.018"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en16247954"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tee.23262"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2010.2042691"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2017.02.033"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECON.2004.1287956"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2008.04.170","article-title":"Effect of shrink fitting and cutting on iron loss of permanent magnet motor","volume":"320","author":"Takahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref40","first-page":"162","article-title":"Overview and comparison of iron loss models for electrical machines","volume":"10","author":"Krings","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1984.12842"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/28.936396"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIPE.2002.1196712"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"2203","article-title":"Improved calculation of core loss with nonsinusoidal waveforms","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Rec. IEEE Ind. Appl. Conf.","volume":"4","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Hysteresis effects in the cores of particle accelerator magnets","author":"Pricop","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2011.2173473"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012480873-7\/50002-5"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2013.2284381"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/20.996228"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2012.2208944"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2020.166401"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-4526(97)00319-0"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S2179-10742012000200008"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16060826"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2007.895875"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE44975.2020.9235640"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.1974.1058306"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-epa.2018.5382"},{"key":"ref59","volume-title":"Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Toroidal Core Specimens Using the Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter Method","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref60","volume-title":"Introduction to Toroidal Transformers","author":"Velayutham","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"101","article-title":"Measurement and modeling of iron losses in electrical machines","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Magnetism Metall. Conf.","author":"Krings"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE.2017.8096578"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMDC.2013.6556158"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"Magnetic Materials-Part 6: Methods of Measurement of the Magnetic Properties of Magnetically Soft Metallic and Powder Materials at Frequencies in the Range 20 Hz to 100 KHz by the Use of Ring Specimens","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EDPC.2012.6425097"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EPEC.2009.5420918"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Experimental magnetic and iron loss degradation in electrical machines","author":"Lidskog","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref68","volume-title":"Magnetic Materials-Part 2: Methods of Measurement of the Magnetic Properties of Electrical Steel Strip and Sheet by Means of an Epstein Frame","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref69","volume-title":"Magnetic Materials-Part 4: Methods of Measurement of D.c. Magnetic Properties of Magnetically Soft Materials","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref70","volume-title":"Magnetic Materials\u2013Part 4: Methods of Measurement of D.c. Magnetic Properties of Magnetically Soft Materials","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMDC.2015.7409211"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3037112"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/ijmqe\/2010018"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICELMACH.2010.5608253"},{"key":"ref75","volume-title":"Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Test Frame","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Analysis, measurement and estimation of the core losses in electrical machines","author":"Tekgun","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref77","volume-title":"Magnetic Property-Single Sheet Test","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00202-021-01474-4"},{"key":"ref79","volume-title":"Standard Test Methods for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Sheet-Type Test Specimens","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2004.834099"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"13","article-title":"New data on the Epstein to single sheet tester relationship","volume":"7","author":"Sievert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Organ"},{"key":"ref82","volume-title":"Magnetic Materials-Part 3: Methods of Measurement of the Magnetic Properties of Magnetic Sheet and Strip by Means of a Single Sheet Tester","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2023.171000"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"1","article-title":"Standard methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Syst., Automat. Control Meas. Conf.","author":"Koprivica"},{"key":"ref85","article-title":"Measurement and modeling of E-machine losses due to manufacturing processes on steel sheets","author":"Johansson","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/9.0000463"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/wevj14040114"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012257251-7\/50009-5"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2016.2569400"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5370\/JEET.2014.9.4.1309"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAE-2010-1099"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2014.2319237"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2013.2266078"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2015.2448063"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON49645.2022.9968528"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2023.3246962"},{"key":"ref97","volume-title":"Core Loss Tester","author":"Electronics","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref98","volume-title":"Core Loss Tester","author":"Electric","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref99","volume-title":"Brockhause Measurements","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref100","volume-title":"Motor Core Loss Tester","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref101","volume-title":"EST Series Soft Coils Ring","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref102","volume-title":"BST Series BST-SA","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref103","volume-title":"BST Series BST-FA","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref104","volume-title":"BST-L Measurement Tester","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref105","volume-title":"Advanced Measurements of Soft and Hard Magnetic Materials Used in Electric Motors","author":"Mierczak","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITEC55900.2023.10186970"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICELMACH.2018.8507083"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/10947022.pdf?arnumber=10947022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T04:43:09Z","timestamp":1744260189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10947022\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":107,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3556905","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}