{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:57:23Z","timestamp":1775199443893,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3557468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T20:00:37Z","timestamp":1743710437000},"page":"62462-62475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Data-Driven Uplift Modeling"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2887-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anam","family":"Zahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Information Technology University (ITU), Lahore, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1168-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal","family":"Kamiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Information Technology University (ITU), Lahore, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Samar","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addo.ai, Lahore, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9872-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asim","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26636\/jtit.2012.2.1263"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx174"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/a16030166"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Differential validity, differential prediction, and college admission testing: A comprehensive review and analysis","author":"Young","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"2551","article-title":"Causal query in observational data with hidden variables","volume-title":"Proc. ECAI","author":"Cheng"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511803161"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/big.2017.0104"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1510489113"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-011-0434-0"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24251\/hicss.2021.193"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-014-0383-9"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-017-1040-6"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44851-9_4"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2911996.2912035"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"36","article-title":"Causal inference with bipartite designs","author":"Doudchenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"ERN, Cross-Sectional Models"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/19-STS749"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pan.2019.11"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2022.10.015","article-title":"Robust bipartite tracking consensus of multi-agent systems via neural network combined with extended high-gain observer","volume":"136","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"ISA Trans."},{"issue":"12","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2022.04.022","article-title":"On infinite circulant-balanced complete multipartite graphs decompositions based on generalized algorithmic approaches","volume":"61","author":"El-Mesady","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alexandria Eng. J."},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of matching methods for causal inference","author":"King","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"Real-world uplift modelling with significance-based uplift trees","author":"Radcliffe","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"9927","article-title":"Uplift modeling from separate labels","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Yamane"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3543507.3583368"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3692-2"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpl013"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3583780.3615298"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3637528.3671516"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Differential response analysis: Modeling true response by isolating the effect of a single action","volume-title":"Proc. Credit Scoring Credit Control VI","author":"Radcliffe"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/772862.772872"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2010.62"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26636\/jtit.2012.2.1263"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41270-022-00186-3"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611974973.66"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2017.157"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/18-AOS1709"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interpretable multiple treatment revenue uplift modeling","volume-title":"Proc. 25th Americas Conf. Inf. Syst. (AMCIS)","author":"Gubela"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-022-03769-w"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.04.003"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29099\/ijair.v4i2.169"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2018.06.035"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2007.08.012"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jmr.16.0163"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-023-01889-6"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-018-0253-x"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611975673.53"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16474-3_51"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Individual treatment effect in presence of observable interference?","volume-title":"Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Learn. Represent.","author":"Rahier"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2024.3409749"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/09-STS313"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2024.3409700"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.akcej.2017.04.002","article-title":"On cyclic orthogonal double covers of circulant graphs by special infinite graphs","volume":"14","author":"El-Shanawany","year":"2017","journal-title":"AKCE Int. J. Graphs Combinatorics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.akcej.2015.06.009","article-title":"Cartesian product of two symmetric starter vectors of orthogonal double covers","volume":"12","author":"El-Shanawany","year":"2015","journal-title":"AKCE Int. J. Graphs Combinatorics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14010141","article-title":"Ring-split: Deadlock-free routing algorithm for circulant networks-on-chip","volume":"14","author":"Romanov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8992934"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref55","first-page":"12145","article-title":"Rethinking causal relationships learning in graph neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell.","volume":"38","author":"Gao"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-023-00876-4"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/math.2022410"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888913000039"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2020408.2020488"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2012.45"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-019-00670-y"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3313559"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Survey on causal-based machine learning fairness notions","author":"Makhlouf","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2010.09553"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139025751"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"4069","article-title":"Counterfactual fairness","volume-title":"Proc. 31st Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Kusner"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v13i01.3242"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pan.2020.1"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajps.12526"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-70368-3_3"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"34122","article-title":"Causal context connects counterfactual fairness to robust prediction and group fairness","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"36","author":"Anthis"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3488560.3498391"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2013.114"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3437963.3441799"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3397271.3401114"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41060-016-0040-z"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"1","article-title":"Inherent tradeoffs in learning fair representations","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"32","author":"Zhao"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"2803","article-title":"Is there a trade-off between fairness and accuracy? A perspective using mismatched hypothesis testing","volume-title":"Proc. 37th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","volume":"1","author":"Dutta"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDMW.2013.23"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.953"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-004-1523-9"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780080938318-15"},{"key":"ref82","volume-title":"Adult","author":"Becker","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.1452"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.1993.10474623"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00318"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpr013"},{"issue":"31","key":"ref87","first-page":"1","article-title":"FLAME: A fast large-scale almost matching exactly approach to causal inference","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/10948445.pdf?arnumber=10948445","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T05:02:24Z","timestamp":1744693344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10948445\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":87,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3557468","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}