{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:04:43Z","timestamp":1777467883593,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006730","name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16KIS1884K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16KIS1884K"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006730","name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16KIS1885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16KIS1885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3562773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T17:39:37Z","timestamp":1745257177000},"page":"71965-71983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Challenges and Solutions in Implementing Informed Consent in Digital Environments: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9197-1536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramona","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Distributed Systems, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7864-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ina","family":"Schiering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Distributed Systems, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Zwingelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unabhängiges Landeszentrum für Datenschutz Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8295-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Friedewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the Protection of Natural Persons With Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data, and Repealing Directive 95\/46\/EC (General Data Protection Regulation)","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Regulation (EU) 2022\/868 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2022 on European Data Governance and Amending Regulation (EU) 2018\/1724 (Data Governance Act)","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Regulation (EU) 2023\/2854 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2023 on Harmonised Rules on Fair Access to and Use of Data and Amending Regulation (EU) 2017\/2394 and Directive (EU) 2020\/1828 (Data Act)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBC48266.2020.9169432"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAISC56366.2023.10085034"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3154106"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3511616.3513100"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QRS-C55045.2021.00159"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3594806.3594816"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3453892.3461653"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3389189.3393745"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Guidelines on transparency under regulation 2016\/679","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soscij.2014.07.002"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2820012"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SEEDA-CECNSM53056.2021.9566212"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FiCloud.2019.00024"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPC.2021.3110617"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS54860.2022.00122"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSPW54576.2021.00037"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CTS.2012.6261095"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03177550"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT.2014.6803201"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581764"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2020.03.027"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSP51677.2021.9357602"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3534625"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"353","article-title":"Blockchain and data protection: An evaluation of the challenges and solutions","volume":"47","author":"Ebbers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovation Through Information Systems"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"A European Strategy for Data","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Health Data Space","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Guidelines on Consent Under Regulation 2016\/679, Version 1.1","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Opinion on the Proposal for a Regulation on the European Health Data Space","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSRE5003.2020.00032"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CyberSecurity49315.2020.9138857"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2638728.2641682"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3511265.3550448"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411497.3420221"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"2023","volume-title":"Privacy Technologies\u2014Consent Record Information Structure","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/shti190421"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2970270"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3157850"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2021.100433"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3167132.3167259"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372296"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/42507"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocw115"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2023.103468"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2015.07.002"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3489496.3489516"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INISTA.2018.8466268"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICMU50196.2021.9638790"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2022.3210747"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3603555.3603567"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"The nature and definition of informed consent in various research settings","volume-title":"The Belmont Report. Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research","author":"Levine","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13052\/jicts2245-800X.1121"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2638728.2641681"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2481371"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPW.2015.34"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NIGERCON54645.2022.9803088"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSPW51379.2020.00023"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21237994"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2023.3277702"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAIE.2016.7575044"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3361149.3361154"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECBES.2012.6498029"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/joumal.pmed1000097"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3381991.3395603"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DEXA.2003.1232051"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.7014"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom\/BigDataSE.2019.00056"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2639189.2639239"},{"key":"ref71","volume-title":"Global Industry Classification Sector (GICS)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/29123"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT.2015.7389154"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3548606.3560564"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6606.2006.00070.x"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.08.329"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3473118"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlamp.2023.100886"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7147212"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445465"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CyberSA.2018.8551442"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3576842.3582379"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3490754"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clsr.2020.105402"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3579618"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PerComWorkshops48775.2020.9156182"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSNDSP54353.2022.9907895"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCON58516.2023.10183463"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3267357.3267368"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3536265"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5011"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/34855"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IC2EW.2016.30"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3433995"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11040496"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00766-005-0021-6"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581252"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SMDS53860.2021.00015"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11407-7_6"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/10971365.pdf?arnumber=10971365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T04:36:13Z","timestamp":1745901373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10971365\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":99,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3562773","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}