{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T01:23:45Z","timestamp":1781573025325,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016152","name":"Yayasan UTP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YUTP-PRG 015PBC-028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YUTP-PRG 015PBC-028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016152","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3562918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T17:39:37Z","timestamp":1745257177000},"page":"72486-72505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Machine Translation Performance for Low-Resource Languages: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7125-0960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taofik O.","family":"Tafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5122-7166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siti Zaiton Mohd","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4261-1873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Shahizan","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3947-269X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitham","family":"Alhussian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3788-5722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maged","family":"Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0038-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Said Jadid","family":"Abdulkadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-7249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharin Hazlin","family":"Huspi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4515-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarafa O.","family":"Adeyemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunusa Adamu","family":"Bena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-024-01981-5"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aiopen.2020.11.001"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2022.3224136"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3336019"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47836\/pjst.29.1.25"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2023-2506"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3567592"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-18086-8"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Multilingual large language models: A systematic survey","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2411.11072"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"A survey on large language models with multilingualism: Recent advances and new frontiers","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2405.10936"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14177782"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info14120638"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2021.03.023"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3390298"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-017-3206-2"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-2983-x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3594631"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.13083"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Advancing natural language understanding for low-resource languages: Current progress, applications, and challenges","author":"Salammagari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Technol. (IJARET)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-96133-0_26"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-3019"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ictas50802.2021.9394996"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/21-ba1259"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2023.932519"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3488186"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N19-4009"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.631"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-4020"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/pcems58491.2023.10136051"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.83"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07335-x"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00474"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12052636"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3652026"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.119569"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3498947"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2020.106397"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121813"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3524300"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3521985"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math12193149"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3448216"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5296946"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3469721"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2023.01.242"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08839514.2022.2101755"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acorp.2022.100033"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12147195"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app122211456"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13021201"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-022-06588-w"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-020-09449-7"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22364\/bjmc.2022.10.3.16"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc7020114"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5483535"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/coli_a_00496"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2021.101283"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.107856"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3665244"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/digital1020007"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2024.1381290"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11194-2"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9101562"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13636-021-00233-4"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2022.995667"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tai.2024.3396125"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi12120215"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10375"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2023.101566"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3487352"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3398635"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info11050255"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info12030133"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info13070309"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10590-020-09256-8"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41870-023-01480-8"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-023-01854-1"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10590-020-09258-6"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12720\/jait.14.5.1073-1081"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10590-021-09265-1"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref81","first-page":"62","article-title":"Canonical segmentation for Javanese-Indonesian neural machine translation","volume":"18","author":"Wijono","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Eng. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24751839.2023.2186625"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09720510.2020.1799582"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24395"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-022-01761-x"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10590-021-09261-5"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-021-09572-2"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6140153"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-12763-w"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-15287-z"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-14273-1"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlp.2023.100016"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3406993"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2024.128493"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-021-00823-1"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/taslp.2024.3380996"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1224"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad096"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12260-y"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-023-02128-x"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2023.3333949"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/tst.2020.9010029"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1351324919000469"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-017-9558-2"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3349971"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/10972018.pdf?arnumber=10972018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T11:20:46Z","timestamp":1746184846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10972018\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":105,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3562918","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}