{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:10:27Z","timestamp":1780535427673,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3575070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T17:47:30Z","timestamp":1748627250000},"page":"96911-96932","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Proactive and Time-Sensitive Cyber Risk Assessment Model Integrating Markov Chains and Bayesian Networks"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4253-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavlos","family":"Cheimonidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2453-3904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Rantos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55248\/gengpi.5.0624.1550"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11417-007-9034-z"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clsr.2008.07.003"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-3723(19)30028-4"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cybsec\/tyy006"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12700\/APH.18.3.2021.3.2"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISCT.2016.7777406"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15100324"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) V3.1 Specification Document","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSE49799.2020.9272234"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10669-013-9468-z"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2768998"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SNPD.2016.7515980"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2993614"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-024-00858-4"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18080\/jtde.v7n1.181"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177704261"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/cis.v12n4p96"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12720\/jcm.9.12.899-907"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Trustcom.2015.446"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/910\/1\/012005"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SITIS.2015.130"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.05.043"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref26","first-page":"7","article-title":"A novel stochastic model for cybersecurity metric inspired by Markov chain model and attack graphs","volume":"9","author":"Aissa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Nessus Vulnerability Management","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3502-4"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2016.2644614"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DDCLS.2018.8516022"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2011.34"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Markov Processes for Stochastic Modeling","author":"Ibe","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Introduction to basic properties of Markov chain and its application in simple random walk","author":"Chen","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1575226"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3267-7"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"An introduction to Markov chains","author":"Tolver","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2015.2512235"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMTMA.2010.603"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"MITRE ATT&CK Framework","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Genie Modeler and Smile Engine","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-24262-4"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7518284"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54842-y"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2006.145"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2012.66"},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Catalog","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Exploit Database (ExploitDB)","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2016.06.018"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2015.09.009"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITNT52450.2021.9649191"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THS.2016.7568937"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SysCon53536.2022.9773931"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2015.2503399"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ATNAC.2017.8215355"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CYBER.2018.8688105"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24725854.2024.2439856"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147718779564"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2020.3010977"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11018330.pdf?arnumber=11018330","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T04:26:57Z","timestamp":1749270417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11018330\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":58,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3575070","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}