{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:03:33Z","timestamp":1780736613774,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3577577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T17:43:06Z","timestamp":1749231786000},"page":"102525-102552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Reinventing Effective Grounding Systems via Optimal Soil Composition, Thickness, and Replacement Parameters Under Fault Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8719-8715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed El-Tayeb","family":"Khalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9614-1753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adel Zein El","family":"Dein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6715-3250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud Ramadan","family":"Hefny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9979-7333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matti","family":"Lehtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9782-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed M. F.","family":"Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","first-page":"1445","article-title":"A study on impulse characteristics of grounding resistance using EMTP","volume":"35","author":"Matsushita","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Del."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","first-page":"1433","article-title":"A comparative analysis of grounding system modeling approaches","volume":"64","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrd.2023.3240753"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icpe64565.2024.10929092"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"157426","article-title":"Improved electromagnetic simulation for large grounding systems","volume":"9","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2022.3192394"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/gtd2.13287"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2014.2351397","article-title":"Evaluation of grounding effectiveness using impulse tests in nonuniform soils","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Del."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/kern-2023-0030"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.102707"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2025.111417"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.121943"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2024.110170"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3312058"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3235874"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2917889"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","first-page":"40","article-title":"Enhanced modeling of ground electrodes under surge conditions","volume":"51","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electr. Power Compon. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","first-page":"1317","article-title":"Grounding system analysis considering high-frequency transients","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/temc.2024.3435788"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3045073"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/hve2.12440"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2015.06.007"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref23","first-page":"2337","article-title":"Measurement-based validation of grounding models in layered soils","volume":"33","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Del."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Numerical study on grounding electrode arrays with time-varying currents","volume":"62","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/temc.2022.3227365"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Simulation-based analysis of grounding performance with frequency-dependent soil model","volume":"152","author":"Al-Mashhadani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref27","first-page":"1821","article-title":"Transient performance of grounding systems with frequency-dependent soil parameters","volume":"63","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref28","first-page":"2791","article-title":"Hybrid time-domain modeling of grounding grids under lightning","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Del."},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"65","article-title":"Analysis of high-frequency behavior of grounding systems using FEM","volume":"148","author":"Ramirez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref30","first-page":"778","article-title":"Numerical simulations of grounding systems based on FDTD and hybrid methods","volume":"63","author":"Tanaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat."},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"13514","article-title":"Performance enhancement of grounding systems under lightning using optimized vertical rods","volume":"11","author":"Farouk","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/temc.2023.3316094"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/temc.2024.3505113"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2024.110542"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ce2ct64011.2025.10941575"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/temc.2024.3384145"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrd.2024.3382316"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2022.108761"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/temc.2024.3377553"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tia.2023.3338132"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/temc.2023.3281883"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrd.2022.3200579"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrd.2021.3071926"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3119610"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tia.2024.3394811"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2021.107627"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2023.3346453"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2022.3229848"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13158370"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tia.2023.3264198"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3258968"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tia.2021.3119266"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3063018"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3129780"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrd.2020.3003427"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/temc.2020.2986646"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrd.2020.2975367"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrd.2021.3119184"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmag.2021.3075580"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/temc.2021.3050179"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3071969"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrd.2020.3022853"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3109309"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12094788"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-820644-7.00027-x"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11027128.pdf?arnumber=11027128","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T17:40:53Z","timestamp":1750268453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11027128\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3577577","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}