{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:32:14Z","timestamp":1780471934364,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011011","name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universidad de Malaga through the Research Projects","award":["PID2021-122381OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-122381OB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Malaga through the Research Projects","award":["UMA20-FEDERJA-065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMA20-FEDERJA-065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3580949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T17:40:10Z","timestamp":1750268410000},"page":"110547-110568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Digital Shadow for Modeling, Studying and Preventing Urban Crime"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1537-6478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Palma-Borda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5172-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3068-3645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda-Victoria","family":"Belmonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01900692.2019.1575664"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Mapping crime: Understanding hot spots","author":"Eck","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"GIS Tutorial for Crime Analysis","author":"Gorr","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2094589"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3060863"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dsd.2020.15"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2873186"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN.2016.7819217"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.08.474"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Digit. Twin, Florida Inst. Technol.","author":"Grieves","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.111361"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Current trends in digital twin development, maintenance, and operation: An interview study","author":"Muctadir","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2306.10085"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43762-021-00005-y"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3120843"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmse.2021.03.003"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jos.2016.7"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137453648"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-03366-1_2"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195172119.001.0001","volume-title":"Managing Bus. Complexity: Discovering Strategic Solutions With Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation","author":"North","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1090.001.0001"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Is the juice worth the squeeze? Machine learning (ML) in and for agent-based modelling (ABM)","author":"Dahlke","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2003.11985"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59904-591-7.ch009"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-018-9376-y"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2013.09.001"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9125.12131"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101680"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9671.2007.01058.x"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.11831"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"PECS-agent-based modelling of human behaviour","volume-title":"Proc. Emotional Intell. Tangled Knot Social Cognition, AAAI Fall Symp. Series","author":"Urban"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427813487353"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2000.884340"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"263","article-title":"Mapping crime for analytic purposes: Location quotients, counts and rates computational criminology view project crime pattern theory view project","volume":"8","author":"Brantingham","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crime Mapping Crime Prevention"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11734680_8"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36483-8_13"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-016-9321-x"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09147-1_3"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429277177-3"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101660"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110886"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.119070"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59140-453-8"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3288528"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"Patterns in Crime","author":"Brantingham","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549710384124"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2011.00258.x"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.06.011"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"A data science approach to spatio-temporal crime modeling: Data, models, and applications","author":"Kadar","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3028420"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3022808"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2021.104460"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2870052"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9125.12057"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jedc.2018.03.011"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70766-2_31"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2019.113111"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.sj.8350066"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12060209"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2016.1159684"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"15","article-title":"Dirty data, bad predictions: How civil rights violations impact police data, predictive policing systems, and justice","volume":"19","author":"Richardson","year":"2019","journal-title":"NYUL Rev. Online"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2070(03)00093-1"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"309","article-title":"Analysis of burglary crime patterns through the integration of spatial statistics and agent-based modelling","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Graduate Conf. Built Environ. Surveying","author":"Chiew"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429277177-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref63","first-page":"515","article-title":"Crime, punishment, and deterrence","volume":"48","author":"Gibbs","year":"1968","journal-title":"Southwestern Social Sci. Quart."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40163-017-0069-x"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-014-9235-4"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118685181"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.05.023"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(01)00056-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref69","first-page":"29","article-title":"Broken windows","volume":"249","author":"Wilson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Atlantic Monthly"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.2020-0220"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11067-007-9035-6"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1403796"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00862.x"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11292-019-09372-3"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11292-016-9260-4"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/449106"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10610-021-09500-8"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418825.2012.673632"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9125.12070"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2011.00240.x"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00521.x"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e523032009-001"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19475683.2012.691900"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108278423"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102089"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102141"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.101967"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3553934"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2012.01.001"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11039849.pdf?arnumber=11039849","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T17:30:17Z","timestamp":1751563817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11039849\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":89,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3580949","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}