{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:06:21Z","timestamp":1784693181289,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) and the European Union (EU) under the PON\/REACT Project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3585306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T13:45:39Z","timestamp":1751463939000},"page":"115669-115685","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Water Leak Detection and Classification With Complex-Valued Neural Networks and Sensor Fusion"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3217-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele Ugo","family":"Leonzio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3811-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Mandelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0406-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Bestagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6557-2120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Marcon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1990-9869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Tubaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000030"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2018.129"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/aqua.2018.176"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001317"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)0733-9496(2002)128:6(441)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08839514.2012.670974"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2014.2320336"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2014.11.188"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities4040069"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprocont.2020.08.003"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP48485.2024.10447165"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"690","article-title":"Enhanced water leak detection with convolutional neural networks and one-class support vector machine","volume-title":"Proc. IFIP Netw. Conf.","author":"Leonzio"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2885444"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2015.08.847"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000464"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP49357.2023.10095760"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON51785.2023.10312656"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/IFIPNetworking62109.2024.10619914"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2023.109148"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Acoustic based data acquisition for leak detection of water distribution networks","volume-title":"Mendeley Data","author":"Tijani","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23218935"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13052845"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2023.03.012"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2009.372"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001515"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001503"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000517"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06666-4"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w13182551"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics7040049"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref31","first-page":"1741","article-title":"Leak detection in water distribution networks using deep learning and Kriging interpolation","volume":"73","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aqua"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref32","first-page":"2216","article-title":"An angle-based leak detection method using pressure sensors and convolutional neural networks","volume":"72","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aqua"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19942060.2024.2406256"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19942060.2023.2165159"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19942060.2023.2225577"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.123076"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:7(1031)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001223"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364913497816"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2023.109165"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-021-01249-8"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging9060122"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"On the benefits of early fusion in multimodal representation learning","author":"Barnum","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2011.07191"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2021.3075745"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2020.01.010"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00765"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01054-6_7"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"Discrete-time Signal Processing","author":"Oppenheim","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2018.2865253"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2014.2302438"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2899645"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2014.2302897"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2023.3271718"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2926238"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-74478-6_10"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2019.2908700"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3045118.3045167"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"1185","article-title":"Sparse feature learning for deep belief networks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"20","author":"Ranzato"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16213963"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3293415"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1412.6980"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"issue":"86","key":"ref63","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","volume":"9","author":"van der Maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786440109462720"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11062898.pdf?arnumber=11062898","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T17:45:49Z","timestamp":1752255949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11062898\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":64,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3585306","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}